Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Leadership As A Transformational Leader - 1415 Words

Honeywell Leadership Most things in life revolve around some type of leadership. Joseph Rost defines leadership as â€Å"the ability to influence followers to achieve common goals through shared purposes† (Weiss, 2011). Your method of leadership can determine the trek to your personal goals or the goals of an organization. There are many different pieces to the leadership style puzzle, different traits, behaviors and theories. There are different styles of leading, some that take a harder stance like transactional leadership. Some are autocratic and some use coersion. There is one style that can accomplish success without the negative feelings or heavy-handedness. Through transformational leadership, you can successfully lead and attain your goals without ruling with an iron fist. According to our text, â€Å"transformational leaders influence, inspire,move and literally transform followers to achieve organizational goals beyond self-interests (Burns, 1978), thus initiating and bringing about positive change† (Weiss, 2011). A transformational leader can take an employee base, purvey a vision to them and motivate them to see that vision become a reality. Transformational leaders are successful due to their ability to influence followers. The use of four behaviors aid them in obtaining the followers willingness to increase their efforts to attain the goals set out by their leader, they are: idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation andShow MoreRelatedTransformational Leadership : A Transformational Leader985 Words   |  4 PagesTransformational leadership. Burns (1978) is recognized as one of the earliest theorist on transformational leadership, who introduced transformational leadership over 30 years ago. Transformational leaders are perceived as leaders who uplift their employee morale, subsequently uplifting the entire organizational. Transformational leaders are known by their capacity to inspire followers to forgo self-i nterests in achieving superior results for the organization (Clawson, 2006). Avolio and YammarinoRead MoreTransformational Leadership : Transformational Leaders1745 Words   |  7 PagesEffective leadership requires skills to adapt to the demands of fresh situations. Leadership flexibility offers opportunities to hone unique approaches, as circumstances demand. Leaders can hang onto core styles while embracing principles found in harmonizing theories. Theories of particular interest are transformational leadership and servant leadership, among others. These approaches are synergistic rather than mutually exclusive. Moreover, they overlap with other beneficial leadership conceptsRead MoreTransformational Leadership : The Transformational Leader2649 Words   |  11 Pagesauthentic the transformational leader needs to be an ethical moral agent. â€Å"A leader is praiseworthy as a moral agent if he or she possesses a developed conscience and acts in ways that are kind, charitabl e and altruistic rather than selfish or maleficent.† (wright.edu). The authentic leader tends to complete actions which are best for the followers. Leaders actions should be judged based on the ends sought, means used, and the consequences achieved. Authentic transformational leadership can be definedRead MoreTransformational Leadership : Transformational Leaders Essay916 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferences There are many differences among the leadership theories. According to Schreuder et al. (2012) Well established theories of transactional and transformational leadership have been criticized for not including the situational context (p. 429). While transformational leadership is extremely motivational and follower-focused, transformational leaders lack the focus of assessing situations and altering their style to match it. Situational leaders, however, are adept in assessing the situationRead MoreTransformational Leadership : Transformational Leader837 Words   |  4 PagesThe Four Components to being a Transformational Leader Being a transformational leader is a great humane leadership theory, which believes in inspiring people to do excellent work through example of a leader’s personality. A transformational leader’s main goal is to inspire followers to share their values, and connect with their vision. The four components to be a transformational leader are idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized considerationRead MoreTransformational Leadership : A Transformational Leader1503 Words   |  7 PagesTransformational Nursing Leadership INTRODUCTION Leadership is a process. The leader uses influence to inspire others toward a common goal. There are different types of leadership such as autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire. One leadership theory is transformational leadership. A transformational leader is defined as â€Å"a leader who is committed to a vision that empowers others† (Kelly, 2012). A transactional leader is focused on day toRead MoreTransformational Leadership : A Transformational Leader1076 Words   |  5 Pages As I take a moment to reflect on my time here, I have learned that I have traits of a Transformational Leader but that I also have room for improvement. I have highlighted areas in where I felt I needed the most improvement to become the Transformational Leader that I aspire to be. For the next three to five years, I plan to implement these changes to improve the way that I utilize the Elements of Adaptability, The Who, Stakes and Situation, Impact on Work Center Climate, and Ethical Beh aviorRead MoreTransformational Leadership : Transformational Leaders895 Words   |  4 PagesAs leadership is ability to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute towards the effectiveness and success of the organizations of which they are members. Leaders use influence to motivate followers and arrange the work environment so they do the job more effectively. To start with transformational leader, transformational leadership is a leadership perspective that explains how leaders change teams or organizations by creating, communicating, modelling a shared vision for the team orRead MoreTransformational Leadership : A Transformational Leader2032 Words   |  9 PagesLeadership is the process of â€Å"communicating, motivating, encouraging and involving.† (PowerPoint 2) A leader who combines these vital characteristics will â€Å"inspire and motivate† subordinates to â€Å"help achieve group and organizational goals† (textbook) and are key ingredients to a successful organisation. Transformational leadership is one of the three main leadership styles adopted by managers. The book, Contemporary Management specifies the three main characteristics of transformational leadershipRead MoreTransformational Leadership : A Transformational Leader1348 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The leader must manage the trust through consistency. Without mutual trust, the leader would not be able to delegate authority to others. In addition, the leader must be consistent and predictable, that the actions were consistent with the vision and values. Transformational leadership does subordinate leaders. Employees are given relative freedom so that they can independently control their activities within defined boundaries. They are involved in the process of solving problems and

Monday, December 16, 2019

General Anthropology A Study of Humanity Free Essays

General Anthropology Anthropology – study of humanity; humans and cultures 4 Sub-Fields 1. Socio-Cultural – focuses on living human cultures, global patterns of belief and behavior found in modern and historical cultures, participant observation a. Influenced behaviors, customs, traditions, beliefs b. We will write a custom essay sample on General Anthropology: A Study of Humanity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Non-biological of adaptation to the human environment, social and natural 2. Anthropological Linguistics – description and study of structure and history of language and relationship to culture, study of human speech and language 3. Archaeology – study of material culture of past human life and activities c. Cultural history/ chronology d. Life ways e. Processes 4. Study of humans as animals – evolutionary theory and genetics, physical and biological Anthropology is holistic * Culture Integrated system * Biological, Ecological, Social * Bio-Cultural Approach feedback loop between culture and environment * NON-ETHNOCENTRIC (more than one way to view the world) Humans are distinct: Animals, Mammals, Primates, Problem solvers, Bipedal locomotion (walk on 2 feet), Opposable thumbs, stereoscopic vision, large brain, reproduction (no estrus cycle), and culture Chapter 1 Vocabulary Hominins – term for members of the evolutionary group including humans and extinct bipedal relatives Bipedal – walks on two feet / legs Primates – members of the order of mammals Bio-cultural evolution – evolution of human biology and culture, both further influences one another, leads to understanding human evolution Ethnographies – detailed descriptive studies of human societies Paleoanthropology – study of disease and injury in human skeletal Anthropometry – measurement of human body parts DNA – double-stranded molecule that contains genetic code Osteology – study of skeletal material Primatology – study of biology and behavior of nonhuman primates Continuum – set of relationships in which all components fall along a single integrated spectrum (humans are a product of the same force that produced all life on earth) Empirical – relying on experiment or observation Cultural Relativism – cultures have merits or worth within their own historical and environmental contexts Important Names Alfred Wallace f. On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely from the Original Type (1858) g. The best adapted survived; the less well adapted perished Charles Darwin a. On the Origin of Species. (1859) b. Concept of Natural Selection c. Evolution d. isHisTheory * All species offspring ? food supply * Variation, some more favorable * Struggle for existence * Variations next generation * Successful variations diff. results in next species Charles Lyell a. Uniformitarianism Cuvier a. Catastrophism Gregor Mendel a. Worked in the monastery’s garden * Experimented with fertilization of flowers (new color variations) * Fascinated by â€Å"the regularity with which the same hybrid forms always reappeared when fertilization took place between the same species. b. Mendel’s experiments * Determine the number of different forms of hybrids * Arrange them according to generations * Attempt to evaluate the statistical relationships c. Common Garden Pea * Seed shape, seed color, flower color, pod shape, pod color, flower position, stem height d. Law of Segregation * Discrete units of genetic information are passed from one generation to the next e . Different physical expressions because some traits were dominant over others * Dominant Trait i. Visible or Measurable ii. Prevents the appearance of the recessive trait iii. Round is dominant * Recessive Trait iv. Not visible or measurable when paired with the dominant allele v. Only visible or measurable when dominant allele is absent Gould and Eldredge a. Punctuated equilibrium: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered Lamarck a. Theory of Acquired Characteristics Linnaeus a. Adherent to great chain of being b. Developed system of classification * Binomial nomenclature Thomas Malthus a. Population growths unrestrained by natural causes will double every 25 years. . BUT, capacity for food production increase only in a straight arithmetic progression. c. The impulse to multiply is counteracted by THE STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE d. THE INFINITE FERTILITY OF MANKIND VERSUS THE LIMITED SIZE RESOURCES OF THE EARTH. e. The Dilemma of Population Growth i. Preventative checks (foresight) vs. positive check (infant mortality, famine) Chapter 2 Vocabulary Fixity of Species – the notion that species, once created, can never change, opposes biological evolution Reproductively isolated – groups or organisms, ainly because of genetic differences, are prevented from mating and reproducing offspring with members of other groups Reproductive success – the number of offspring an individual produces and rears to reproductive age; and individuals genetic contribution to the next generation Selective pressures – forces in the environment that influence reproductive success in individuals Genome – the entire genetic makeup of an individual or species Fertility – the ability to conceive and produce healthy offspring Chapter 3 Vocabulary Gametes – reproductive cells (eggs and sperm in animals) Somatic cell – all cells in body except those involved in reproduction Zygote – cell formed by the union of an egg and sperm cell, contains chromosomes Nucleotides – basic units of DNA molecule Enzymes – specialized proteins that initiate and direct chemical reactions in the body Hemoglobin – protein molecule that occurs in red blood cells and binds to oxygen molecules Mitosis – simple cell division; produces two identical daughter cells Meiosis – cell division in specialized cells in ovaries and testes Recombination – the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes; cross-over Genome – entire genetic makeup of an individual or species Evolutionary Theory Catastrophism * Cuvier * New species could not evolve from old Time-to-time catastrophes occur, destroys all living things in certain areas * New forms populate area by migration * Incoming migrants had more modern appearance due to the result of more recent creation events Uniformitarianism * Lyell * Processes at work today = active throughout history of earth = those occurred in past * James Hutton = ancient, on-going, continuous, without end * Geological change ( earthquakes, volcanoes, etc) were consistent, uniformed, constant through time Forces of Evolution Evolution – (Darwin) the gradual unfolding of new varieties of life from previous forms * Modern Synthesis ( 2 stage process) 1. The production and redistribution of variation (inherited differences among organisms) * Mutation (in sex cells): change in DNA, one allele changes to another, also point mutations * Mutagens are agents of mutations: chemicals, radiation, extreme temperatures * Passes to offspring in gametes not somatic cells Migration (gene flow): exchange of genes between population, migration * Genetic drift (random force): function of population size * Rare allele may not be passed to offspring due to small population, allele may disappear * Founder Effect: allele frequencies alter in small pop. that are taken from larger pop. or parents pop. , they colonize a new location 2. Natural selection (individual and population) affects their ability to successfully reproduce * 4 net reproductive success * Ex: peppered moth Great Chain of Being * Infinite series of forms : simple – complex The universe was â€Å"full† * Progressive grading: inferior – superior * Every creature’s position was â€Å"fixed† * No new species * No extinctions Species * Proposed in the 17th century * Groups of plants and animals could be differentiated by other groups by their ability to mate with one another and produce fertile offspring (John Ray) * Frequently share similarities with other species second level of classification genus * Linnaeus binomial nomenclature genus and species names are used to refer to species * Ex: homo sapiens = human beings * Taxonomy: system of classification Genus and species * Class and order Theory of Acquired Characteristics * Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) * There is a dynamic interaction between organic forms and the environment. * Characteristics that an individual might acquire in a lifetime would be passed on to succeeding generations. Principles of Inheritance Principle of Independent Assor tment * The distribution of one pair of alleles into gametes does not influence the distribution of another pair * The genes controlling different traits are inherited independently of one another Principle of Segregation Genes (alleles) occur in pairs because chromosomes occur in pairs * During gamete formation, the members of each pair of alleles separate, so that each gamete contains one member of each pair Genes and Chromosomes Allele and Gene * Alternate forms of a gene * Sequence of DNA Chromosome * Discrete structures composed of DNA and protein found only in nuclei of cells Co-dominance * The expression of two alleles in heterozygote, the products of both are present * Ex: blood type AB Cross-over the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes; recombination * when paired chromosomes exchange DNA, genes sometimes find themselves in different genetic environments Dihybrid crosses * These are ALWAYS the ratios of a cross between two HETEROZYGOUS individuals, w hen two variables are involved. * RrYy X RrYy DNA, base pair * DNA molecule has 4 chemical bases 1. Adenine = A 2. Thymine = T 3. Cytosine = C 4. Guanine = G * Except for protein synthesis * Adenine and Thymine are base pairs = AT * Cytosine and Guanine are base pairs = CG In protein synthesis RNA subs Uracil = U for Thymine * AT AU Dominant = shows, Recessive = does not show Down’s syndrome * Trisomy 21, abnormal number of autosomes compatible with life beyond the first few years after birth * Caused by the presence of 3 copies of chromosome 21 * Mental impairment, heart defects, respiratory infections, leukemia Hemophilia * bleeding disorder in which the blood doesn’t clot normally * Primarily only males * Recessive allele for hemophilia on the female â€Å"X† chromosome. * Male hemophiliacs receive the deleterious gene from their mothers. There is an equal chance that a female will have the recessive allele on one of her two â€Å"X† chromosomes. * H = Normal clotting h = Hemophilia * HH Female = Normal * Hh Female = Normal â€Å"Carrier† * HY Male = Normal * hY Male = Hemophilia Genotype = genetic make-up of a trait Phenotype = physical expression of the genotype Homologous Chromosomes = paired chromosomes, paired during meiosis and participate in cross-over, same loci Homozygous = same alleles Heterozygous = different alleles Pleiotropic Traits * multiple effects at different times in the life span The phenomenon of one gene being responsible for or affecting more than one phenotypic characteristic * A synergetic affect on more than one part of the body * Ex: sickle cell, albinism Polygenic Traits * Traits that are influenced by genes at 2 or more loci * Ex: skin color, eye color, hair color * Many are influenced by environmental factors * Ex: nutrition, sunlight exposure Polymorphism * Loci with more than one allele * Above 1% in the population * Traits that differ in expression between individuals and populations * Ex : ABO blood, unbalanced Protein and Amino Acids 3-D molecules that serve a wide variety of functions through their ability to bind to other molecules * Small molecules that are the components of proteins Sex Linkage * 23rd Chromosomal Pair * Females: XX * Males: XY * Homogametic versus Heterogametic * Sex linked traits * Ex: colorblindness, hemophilia * Male hemophiliacs receive gene from their mothers Sickle Cell Trait/Anemia ; Malaria * Hemoglobin (146 Amino Acids) * Sickle cell caused by switching one base pair (point mutation) * Heterozygous carriers are much more resistant to malarial infection * Malaria * People of all ages susceptible Four types of human malaria caused by four species of parasites (Plasmodium) * Transmitted by mosquitoes Blood and Blood Types * At least 29 human blood group systems * Antigen = large molecules found on the surface of cells , several different loci govern various antigens on red and white blood cells * Antibody – each type is unique and defends the body against one specific type of antigen * Three important blood groups: * ABO System * Four blood types: * A (dominant) antigen * B (dominant) antigen * AB(co-dominance)antigen, universal recipient * O(recessive ii)none, universal donor Alleles are designated as follows: * A = IA B = IB O= i * 4 phenotypes 6 genotypes * Rh Factor * Another group of antigens found on red blood cells. * Rh Positive = Rh+ (Dominant allele) * Rh Negative = Rh- (Recessive allele) * Rh- blood does not agglutinate with the antiserum * Greatest problem is not with transfusions, but between mother and fetus. * A problem ONLY if the mother is Rh- and the father is Rh+ * A serum containing Anti-Rh+ may be administered to Rh- mothers after their first birth. (RhoGam) * MN Group * Three genotypes (Chromosome 4) * MM MN * NN * Appear to be no incompatibilities that cause complications during transfusions or between mother and fetus. * Co-dominant group * 3 genotypes produce 3 phenotypes Population G enetics Allopatric speciation * Speciation by geographic isolation * Gradual changes can lead to sufficient genetic differences Ecological Niche * The position of a species within its physical and biological environments * Components: diet, terrain, type of predators, vegetation, relationships with other species, and activity patterns * Niches are unique to each species * Together makes up an ecosystem Fitness = measure of the relative reproductive success of individuals, genetic contribution to the next generation Gene Flow = exchange of genes between populations Gene Pool = all of the genes shared by the reproductive members of a population Hardy-Weinberg (Equilibrium Principle) * No genetic drift, mutation, migration, selection * Random mating * Math relationship of allele and genotype * A = p a = q; p + q = 1 or 100% [ alleles in gene pool] * In the absence of evolutionary processes, gene frequencies (allele frequencies) will remain constant from generation to generation * P2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 [ proportion of genotypes] AA + Aa + aa = 1 Macroevolution = changes produced only after many generations, such as the new appearance of a new species Microevolution = small changes occurring within species, such as changes in allele frequencies Phyletic Gradualism * Slow changes result in new species * The complete fossil record of an evolving group would display a series of forms with fine ly graded transitional differences between each ancestor and its descendant * Many â€Å"missing links† would be present Punctuated Equilibrium Uneven, nongradual process of long stasis and quick spurts * The concept that evolutionary change proceeds through long periods of stasis punctuated by rapid periods of change * There are no â€Å"missing links†, gaps are real Random Mating = no bias in who mates; any male is assumed to have an equal chance of mating with any female Selective Pressure = forces in the environment that influence reproductive success in individuals Selective Agent = the agent or cause of the selective pressure event? Sympatric = process through which new species evolve from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic region Unit of Evolution * Population * Evolves Unit of Selection * Individual * Does not evolve Human Variation Race * breeds of domestic animals, their group measurement, or their descent from a common ancestor * Has no useful biological meaning because variations in human appearance occur on a continuum. Acclimatization * Physiological responses to changes in the environment that occur during an individual’s lifetime * Maybe be temporary or permanent Its capacity may typify an entire species or population * Under genetic influence, it’s subject to evolutionary factors such as natural selection and genetic drift Allen’s Rule * Concerns shape of the body * Colder climates = shorter appendages, adaptive for preventing heat loss * Vice versa Bergmann’s Rule * Concerns the relationship of body mass or volume to surface area * In mammals, body size is greater in population that lives in colder climates * Vice versa Kuru * Neurodegenerative disorder * Tremor and loss of balance First appeared in New Guinea * Primarily affected adult women and children * Three main stages of progression: * Ambulant – unsteady, tremor, speech slur * Sedentary – muscle jerks, laughter outbursts, depression and mental slowing * Terminal – Urinary and fecal incontinence, difficulty swallowing, deep ulcerations appear * Caused by cerebellar dysfunction * It is a prion disease = infectious particles composed of a protein that causes neurodegenerative disorders Kwashiorkor * Severe protein deficiency * Tissue swelling * Anemia * Loss of hair Apathy Lactase Persistence * The continued production of lactase, the enzyme that breaks down lactose ( sugar milk) * Allows some adults to digest fresh milk products Marasmus * Caused by the combine effects of protein and calorie deficiency * PEM (protein-energy malnutrition) Osteolo gy Bone Markers * Heterogeneous * Dynamic Organ * Constantly remodeled and replaced * Extremely responsive to stress * Bone Mass IS NOT constant Characteristics of Bone * Compact bone: * Most dense; * Least vascularized; * Often covers cancellous bone * Cancellous bone: Heavily vascularized with large sacs (marrow spaces that produce red blood cells) and pores * Subchondrial bone: * A type of compact bone located at the joints and covered with cartilage in life * Generally less dense and more vascularized than regular compact bone Bone Growth * The primary centers of growth are the DIAPHYSES; Responsible for most of the growth of long bones * Secondary centers are the EPIPHYSES and are separated from the diaphyses by the†¦ * METAPHYSES, which are thin layers of cartilage being overtaken by bone formation. This is the actual site of bone growth. Harris Line = growth interruption, nutritional deficits Human Bone Growth * Human Dental Formula = 2. 1. 2. 3 * Determine sex * Determine age * Physical characteristics of populations; * Population structure and demography; * State of health, longevity, disease during life. * Cause of death. How is this different than â€Å"Manner of Death†? * Evidence of trauma. * Nutritional history (bone chemistry; dental wear). * Relatedness of populations (DNA and genetic bone characteristics) * Social Complexity (cultural modifications, differential nutritional status, health, grave goods). Belief systems (treatment of dead). Chapter 4 Vocabulary Hybrids – offspring of parents who differ from each other, heterozygotes Locus – the position on a chromosome where a given gene occurs Mendelian traits – characteristics that are influenced by alleles at only one genetic locus Chapter 5 Vocabulary Chordata – phylum of the animal kingdom that includes vertebrates Vert ebrates – animals with segmented, bony spinal columns Homologies – similarities between organisms based on descent from a common ancestor Analogies – â€Å" †¦.. based strictly on common function Homoplasy – same evolutionary development in different groups of organisms Clade – group of organisms sharing a common ancestor Speciation – process by which a new species evolves from an earlier species; most basic process in macroevolution Genus – group of closely related species Chapter 12 Vocabulary Homeostasis- condition of balance or stability Population genetics – the study of the frequency of alleles, genotypes, and phenotypes in populations from a micro evolutionary perspective How to cite General Anthropology: A Study of Humanity, Essay examples

Sunday, December 8, 2019

English A Symbol of Power in India Essay Example For Students

English: A Symbol of Power in India Essay Languages fundamentally serve as vehicles for people to communicate. Today, English language has been internationally recognized as a global language, which is highly correlated with the legacy of British colonization in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. India was colonized by the British from 1765 until its independence in 1947. (World English, 101) India, situated in South Asia, is geographically a huge territory with tremendously diverse ethnicities. Prior to the British colonization, India has multilingualism, in which each language is deeply rooted with its individual culture. In a rich multilingual territory, it is interesting how English has gained its power, and can remain powerful even after the postcolonial time. Starting from the British colonial time, the use of English language became prestige and important in India, especially in the government administration and education. In India, the position of English has changed from the symbol of slavery and colonial power to the symbol of a globalization, a workplace literacy, education and economic power. There are many diverse linguistic groups in India prior to the colonial time. According to the 1991 census, a total of 114 languages are identified by the abstraction of 1576 mother tongues into different classification (Annamalai, 610). The language Hindi has the largest number of mother tongues, and it is one of the India’s fifteen major indigenous languages such as Urdu, Bengali (Annamalai, 610). During and after the colonial time, how did English language gain and remain its status in an enormous variety of linguistic zone? The origin of English in India began with the British first arrival in 1600s and its establishment of trading (World English 101). After the British colonized India, the popularity of English also increased. Nevertheless, the importance of English in India effectively began with the introduction of an English education system written by Thomas Macaulay in 1835 (World English, 101). After the establishment of the universities of Bombay, Calcutta, and Mad ras in 1857, English language gained its status and popularity as it became the primary medium of university education (World English 101). Ever since then, English has been accepted as the language of government and many social elite groups. After the independence, the question of which language would be the national language of India becomes a dilemma for many people. As mentioned before, Hindi is still the most widely used language in India. Therefore, many people suggested Hindi to be the national language. Although Hindi is spoken by forty percent of the one billion populations in India, the role of Hindi to become the India national language is still controversial. The diverse linguistic groups across India do not accept Hindi as the national language. â€Å"Other sub-nations feared the introduction of Hindi and had pride in their own languages. (Vanishree, 317)† In addition to their pride in their own languages, the non-Hindi speakers are also afraid that once Hindi become the national language, Hindi speakers will be more favored in the employment of government offices (Vaish 81). The non-Hindi speakers will subsequently have less opportunity in job opportunities. The dilemma continues until the involvement of English as the official language in India. This conflict in 1960s was solved by â€Å"the ‘three language formula’, in which English was introduced as the chief alternative to the local state language, typically Hindi in the north and a regional language in the south. (World English, 101)† English is currently regarded as an associate official language together with Hindi. (Vanishree, 336) Despite the continuous effort of some nationalists to weaken the status of English language in India, English remains as powerful in India. There are approximately about twenty percent Indians (over 200 million in 2001) making regular use of English (World English 101). It is the nationwide agreement that regional languages will cover only in the private domain such as home while English still covers many public domains such as education, technology, government, national and international communication, and business (Vanishree, 317). Therefore, in India, most people become bilingualism in English, which not only allows I ndia’s diverse linguistic groups to unify and work together under the same umbrella but also enable people to communicate easily through a common English language. .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d , .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d .postImageUrl , .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d , .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d:hover , .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d:visited , .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d:active { border:0!important; } .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d:active , .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub1c997f06faea3994430fe0b9319ab5d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Creationism Vs. Evolution (954 words) EssayEnglish become a language of prestige because of its role in education. School textbooks are written in Standard English, and English is used as the medium of instruction in many schools all over India. Some schools such as â€Å"convent schools†, which exist in most cities and towns, required students to speak only in English within the school premises while other schools have English as a compulsory subject in the curriculum (Peri Bhaskararao). Higher education system such as universities of technology and science, and other post-graduate level requires even more demanding usage of English. The majority of people correlat e higher education with the assurance of job opportunities. Power of English fluency in economic urges many people especially students to pursue more in English so that they will be a part of the elite community. Therefore, many Indians appeal English language for the advancement of their lives. English has a large impact on the new generation of India. This generation is convinced that learning English will ultimately assist them achieving their goals. A study has been done to understand how English create personality in many students of India. In 2005, Viniti Vaish, an Assistant Professor in Singapore’s National Institute of Education, conducted a study with a group of Indian high school students about their attitudes and goals for English learning. During the interviews, students repeatedly used the words â€Å"job†, â€Å"rich/money†, â€Å"development of individual and country†, and â€Å"unique look/impression† in relation to English (Vaish, 85). However, students used words like â€Å"foundation†, â€Å"mother tongue† and â€Å"identity† in relation to Hindi (Vaish, 85). Although these students have positive attitudes towards both English and Hindi, they all concurred that English is a global language, which will promote them to have better job opportunities, confidence and good impression. They believe fluency in English will advance them to be more marketable and powerful in globalizing workplace of modernizing India. The globalization is the fruit of the current efficient communication system in India. The important communication systems such as radio and television network, News paper and media are currently using English in high-level. Furthermore, with the widespread use of Internet and wireless technology, English becomes the main language used in computing and software technologies. Furthermore, more and more international software and technology companies launch their business branches in India (Bhaskararao, 6) The work demand increases higher recruitment of technicians who are proficient in English. English again plays an essential role in the globalization process in India. In conclusion, despite the initial intentions to diminish English language right after the India’s independence, English has been rooted to the very basic lives of the majority of Indians that it remains as a prestige, powerful language in India. The globalization and the essential roles of English in education, government and workplace further reinforce the power of English. For the new generation, English remains its status and reputation, and it becomes a necessity to achieve many of the future generation’s dreams. Works Cited Annamalai, E. India: Language Situation Bhaskararao, Peri. â€Å"English in Contemporary India.† Asian/Pacific Book Development ABD (2002) Vol. 33 No. 2: 5-7. Vaish, Viniti. Biliteracy and Globalization English Language Education in India. Multilingual Matters Ltd., NY: Cromwell Press Ltd., 2008. Vanishree V.M., â€Å"Provision for Linguistic Diversity and Linguistic Minorities in India.† Language in India Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Vol. 11:2 (2011): 304-375 World English