stem cells :: essays research papers

Advancements in genetic engineering has been one of the some talked active subjects for many years. It has scared some but at the same time intrigued others. This question how far is too far, will play a big bring out in years to come and even now for that mater. What people do not understand is that the research that is being do today is being done to help cure incurable diseases like the Aids virus and Cancer and it is not being done to create at perfect utopian family where everyone is the same and equal in all aspects. Stem cell research has been around since the early 1980s and since its development many advances have been made. In the beginning they could that speculate what they could do with the cells. They have come farther than anyone cold imagine when they cloned dolly the sheep in 1997 and since then it has become a popular subject.People fore the most part are open to the idea that stem cells could be the cure for many diseases but it scares them to thing that si nce scientists can change the cells in a kidney that why couldnt they manipulate the cells to make a perfect human. Though the argument is sound and logical it is unlikely that in the near future of ever for that bet that our government would allow such things to happen. Though the slow downward spiral of the development of stem cells is inevitable it is not of any real threat to our generation. electric chair Bushs views on stem cell research are probably the best way to go about studying the cells without the most complications. In 2001 he proposed that yet some cells be researched. CNN put it this way,"The president said scientists have told him that research on the 60 exist ing stem cell lines has great promise that could idle words to breakthrough therapies and cures. This allows us to explore the promise and potential of stem cell research without crossing a fundamental moral line"(cnn.com). This is probably the most practical way of looking at the research but rece ntly Bush changed his policy on government funding of Stem Cell research. His in the buff policy allows the development of stem cells to continue but now cuts government funding from the picture. Ken Lisaius the

The Drovers Wife: Hardship of Life in the Outback :: Drovers Wife Essays

The Drovers Wife  Hardship of Life in the Outback             The short-story The Drovers Wife is written by Henry Lawson, Australias closely famous short-story writer and poet. The Drovers Wife is probably Lawsons best-known work, and was first published in the collection entitled While the Billy Boils in 1892. Lawson was deeply interested in the personal effects of the harsh Australian outback on peoples lives, having himself spent 18 months in the bush. This was expressed in a number of so-called bush ballads and stories, The Drovers Wife world one of them. This short-story has the Australian bush or outback as its setting. This is revealed in the two first paragraphs, where the author makes a short and precise description of the smallish house and the surrounding landscape. To tell the time of the story is, however, more difficult. The text gives us solo a few clues to when it might have happened. The most unmistakable one i s, The drought of 18 - ruined him. First I thought that 18 meant 1918, but considering that the short-story was written in 1892, this must be wrong. The year referred to is most probably 1818. The main conflict in The Drovers Wife is perhaps not so evident as we may think. At first it is quite abstemious to imagine that there is a conflict between the bush woman and the snake. The reason for that is that the snake is a threat to the woman. If she does not kill it, the snake stack bite one of the children, which will be a disaster since it is nineteen miles to the nearest neighbor. The child would be dead before they could get help. However, this conflict is only a consequence of the main conflict, which is mentioned in a sentence early in the text, The drover, an ex-squatter, is away with sheep. His wife and children are left here alone. The main chore is that the wife is left alone to deal with the hardships of life in the Australian bush. In my opinion Lawson uses the inciden t with the snake to uncover the bush womans struggles against the outback.   The point of sketch used in The Drovers Wife is the Third person Limited voice. Lawson has told the story form the bush womans perspective. That allows us to see into her thoughts and feelings.

Gender and Sexual Insensitivity Essay -- Gender Inequality Essays

Gender inequality refers to unfair or unequal treatment of tidy sum based on their femininity or masculinity. This is often in reference to roles that society has stipulated by default for each gender type. Sexual inequality refers to bias treatment of people based on their male or female sexual traits. Awareness and sensitivity to gender and sexual inequity are vital in the procedure of a society every society member ought to have equal status, voice and opportunities irrespective of their gender. In every day-to-day activity, gender and sexual insensitiveness exhibits in peoples speech, behavior and delegation of duties. Insensitivity is often unintentional, thus the need to create awareness among people on what is insensitive and be enthusiastic to fetch the change that society needs to be able to give equal chances to all its members and give them a sense of belonging despite their gender (Jackson, 1998). Recently, I received an e-mail from my friend regarding his op inion on Valentines Day. In this email message, my friend, Rob presented women in a negative way by apply derogatory language and casting aspersions. Rob claimed that women were the cause of mens sorrow and global warming (Personal communication, February 13, 2014). Upon further reading, I realized Rob insinuated that Valentines Day was a creation of women and that the intention was to coerce men into buying presents. His assertion was that women were opportunistic, materialistic and always plotting to get something out of men. I found this chagrin as the generalizations and stereotyping presented in the email were offensive. He also used the word ladies, which he spelt in capital letters, which I felt offensive and unwarranted.A further an... ...ley University of California PressVance, C. M., Ensher, E. A., Hendricks, F. M., & Harris, C. (2004). Gender-based vicarious sensitivity to disempowering behavior in organizations Exploring an expanded concept of hostile working environm ent. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 16(3), 135-147. Weisstein, N. (1993). Psychology constructs the female or, The fantasy animateness of the male psychologist (with some attention to the fantasies of his friends, the male biologist and the male anthropologist). Feminism & Psychology, 3(2), 195-210. Withington, R. (1937). Lady, woman, and person. American Speech, 12(2), 117121.Young, A. M., Vance, C. M., & Harris, C. (2007). Moving beyond gender to discover differences in sensitivity to disempowering acts An enquiry of the role of social context. Group & Organization Management, 32(5), 598-620.

A Reasonable Approach to Euthanasia Essay -- Euthanasia Physician Assi

A Reasonable Approach to euthanasia One of the biggest controversies of this decade is euthanasia. Euthanasia is inducing the painless death of a person for reasons assumed to be merciful?(Henrickson and Martin 24). There are four types of euthanasia voluntary and direct, voluntary barely indirect, direct but involuntary, and indirect and involuntary. unbidden and direct euthanasia is chosen and carried out by the patient.? Voluntary but indirect euthanasia is chosen in advance. Direct but involuntary euthanasia is done for the patient without his or her request. Indirect and involuntary euthanasia occurs when a hospital decides that it is time to remove life support (Fletcher 42-3). Euthanasia can be traced as far back as to the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. It was sometimes allowed in these civilizations to help others die. Voluntary euthanasia was approved in these ancient societies. As time passed, religion increased, and life was viewed to be sacred. Euthanasia i n any form was seen as defame (Encarta 98). In this century there have been many groups formed that are for and against euthanasia. In 1935 the first group that was for the legalization of euthanasia was formed. It was called the Voluntary Euthanasia fiat and was started by a group of doctors in London (The Voluntary Euthanasia Society). The first guild established in the United States came shortly after in 1938. It was called the Hemlock Society and it now consists of more than 67,000 members. The purpose of this society is to support your decision to die and to offer support when you are ready to die (Humphrey 186). This society also believes that a person must have believed in euthanasia for a certain amount of time be... .... Jack Kevorkian. Online. Internet. 25 Oct. 1996. Final Exit.org. Fletcher, Joseph. The fibre for Euthanasia. Problems of Death. Ed. David L. Bender. St. Paul Greenhaven Press, 1981. 37-45. Harris, Curtis. Withholding Food and Fluids What Happens. Li fe Cycle. April 1991 4. Henrickson, John and Thomas Martin. Euthanasia Should Not Be Permitted. Problems of Death. Ed. David L. Bender. St. Paul Greenhaven Press, 1981. 23-26. Horkan, Thomas. Legislation That Complicates Dying. Eds. Gary McCuen and Therese Boucher. Hudson Gary McCuen Publications, 1985. 69-72. Humphry, Derek. Dying With Dignity. New York Birch Lane, 1992. Pahl, Stewart. I Favor Merciful Termination of Life. Problems of Death. Ed. David L. Bender. St. Paul Greenhaven Press, 1981. 18-22. Voluntary Euthanasia Society. Online. Internet. 14 Jan. 1999. ves.com.

William Wordsworth and Robert Frost - Views on nature. Essay -- Englis

William Wordsworth and Robert Frost - Views on nature.To many people Nature is something of little thought, but when we taketime to stand back and acknowledge it we can very work through itsbeauty. Until now a meadow or a tree in a forest to me, was littlemore than something of every solar day life. Now having arrest to realise thepower and force it has upon mans emotions and actions, I realised thethoughts of other people when studying the work of William Wordsworthand Robert Frost. Both poets see Nature in different shipway althoughthere are some aspects of the subject which are clearly the same. Thisview is such a vast subject which is an always changing thing. Fromthe changing seasons to the day- to- day weather Nature never ceasesto amaze.For both poets Nature brings the same thing, yet in very differentways. For Robert Frost, the simple scene of a wood (forest) fillslowly up with snow. As for Wordsworth the scene is very much a morevibrant picture as he describes the daffo dils in their sprightlydance. To you or me, to see these things is just something thathappens and we dont notice it. In todays society such events are noteven acknowledged, and there fore people dont normally take the timeto go across the occasion. We realise that both Wordsworth and Frostwhere alone as Wordsworth states I wandered lonely and Froststates-Whose woods these are I think I know.His house is in the village thoughBoth quotes indicate a sense of loneliness and isolation. Frost looksvery deep into Nature as does Wordsworth. Frost sees an escape fromlife, and Wordsworth sees an escape from feeling put through and pensive.For Wordsworth his encounter with Nature gives him a constant thought... ...nd company we see a sense of communion here. The use ofonomatopoeia makes both poems more homely. Fluttering the delicatemovement of the flower. Gazed large sound to emphasise his movement.Glance a swift sound to indicate a quick look. Sprightly energeticand lively sounding. Blis s relaxing sounding. In stopping by woodsFrost uses the forge sweep to give the soft feeling of how the snowdrifts through the trees. Downy indicates again how the flakesslowly drifted down. The word down could refer to the movement ofduck down as it falls to the ground. The evince sounds the sweepmake me think of how the wind whispered through the trees carrying thesnow. sounds the sweep is also a perfect example of assonance andsoft alliteration.There are a fewer more points I would like to add to this essay afterthe first draft has been marked.

The Burden of a Happy Childhood

The Burden of a Happy puerility In The Burden of a Happy Childhood Cantwell described her grandparents house, the three story Victorian house her family lived in during her childishness life. There are so many great things she has experienced, like having a bird as a pet. After a morning dip on the b apiece, she had a playful moment with her grandfather in his beautiful tend he washed her feet to remove the sand from her feet. As she grew older, all the images of those special moments still captured in her heart. I agree with Mary Cantwell, I moved from Vietnam when I was twelve years old.I really had great memories of my childhood I took a long walks to my grandmother house, bike rides to school, the farm that we lived on. My father cooked vegetables that he grew in the backyard. As Derby Evening, he shared how he want to listen to his childhood stories, I enjoy hearing about my childhood memories. (Evening). I fool the same habits as Evening. I liked to feel the breeze on my f ace when my mother fans on me before bed time. During the moon-soon season I liked listening to the rain drops and feel the warm of my mothers arms around me.During the New Year, my mother didnt have money to buy in the altogether clothes she cut her gowns and remade the clothes for me. I was so happy because I got new clothes to wear for new years. The special moments I have had from my childhood that Im so close to my parents and my siblings because of my strong family with the meticulous cares from my parents similar to Marys article. My parents had sacrificed so much for my family. We will care and love, and protect each other no matter what happens. I agree with Mary Cantwell, she has a special places, people and memories in her childhood life those memories will remain in her heart forever.Its the most grateful memories that I have had also. It will never wash away from me even the years ahead passing by. I am blessed to have the greatest parents who have done so many great t hings that make who I am today. Works Cited Cantwell, Mary. Backpack physical composition with Readings (The Burden of a Happy Childhood). New York Longman, 2008. 10 Apr. 2011. Evening, Derby. Memories of Childhood and Summer Days at Lake Side. General Reference Gold. (2011) Text available Full Text. Web. 10 April 2011. Garrity, Mary. Home Style O Christmas Tree. Scripps Howard News Service- 29 November 2010. NewsBank. Web. 10 April 2011.

All quite on Western front-Enrich Maria Remarque Essay

Remarque, being a veteran German of the World War 1, could depict the physical and psychological duress, the regime soldiers had to tolerate. He narrates the mental tug of war the soldiers had to bear on being detached from civic life comprising of family and friends. This mental war was allying with the field fight. Remarque in his have does not articulate heroism, but he gives a vivid description of the mental agitation the soldier goes through . having once sailed in the same ship, Remarque could impression the monotony and constant fight for life.This story relates to the kind of trauma and loneliness, the foot soldiers went through. The war had snatched their peace of mind there by causing a site of alert all the while around them. There was an air of struggle flowing throughout, struggle for piece, struggle for victory, struggle for food and struggle for existence. Remarque remarks, the life of soldiers argon always at a jolt and yet they appear old and dead being thoroughl y, emotionally drained. The soldiers are here merely escaping from their own self. At this jovial age, the world of love that they had once created is brutally shattered to pieces by their own hands.The author depicts a poignant description by narrating the awe and view of being abandoned makes the mental state of the foot soldiers all the more morose. The protagonist of the story, Paul Baumer who was moved by his mentor, joined the German army and complex himself into an unsigned bond of serving the country at the price of leaving behind the personal life which had just started showing the colors of youth brimming with high spirits. He had also left behind his ailing mother. But now avenues of repentance are lost. Many others like Paul had been a mistaken prey to the futile war.This amusing anecdote throws light on the life in the trenches of the German camp. The outcome of the war brought nothing but destruction, death and uncalled-for waste of mankind. The youth directly, t hough bravely, encountered brutality, soiled dead bodies and evident death which might be their awaiting future. The story highlights the psychological insight resulting out of the pathetic incidences in the trenches. Though being part of the war, the protagonist and his co-mates realized the futility of the war which had brought with it a needless waste of human life in form of mass death.The trenches had a miserable and pitiable sight. The priceless human life turned valueless. Even a stone heart would surely melt at much(prenominal) a terrible death game. The very sight traumatizes people, but the soldiers were facing them boldly. Though trained to be tough, the soldiers break down at the loss and sufferings of the fellow beings. The cooks of the army cooks for hundred soldiers but ends up in serving eighty of them. They often show their frustration by declaring not to serve unless all hundred are present.But they realize the fact that this figure would always be a diminishing t rend and complains fatality to none other than fate. The author depicts the character of Tjadesa as a carefree, apathetic person grinning over the cooks reaction. Though it seemed that there were no trace of repercussions on Tjadesa, but it was his unnatural behavior which depicted his concern and fear. He showed joyous expressions despite the losing his comates for ever, this were out of gratitude of still being alive. Though tjedass behavior seemed weird, but his discrete way of evaluate the inevitable losses.The ideas ejaculating out of the soldiers mind were often weird, like they felt the war should have been fought by the leaders within a ring rather than such merciless slaughtering and cruel blood shed. The futility of war has given rise to restraint traits of human like selfishness, jealousy, envy, violence and being opportunist. Eventually the brutal results of the war few how dries up the sense of morality, dignity, empathy and many such emotions in the soldiers and lif e becomes like an unfertile land yielding nothing grow more unfertile for days to come.Similarly wars too yield nothing but destruction, emptiness and ruined humanity. The war may end in victory but the society is held bandaging by the rudderless youth detached from social and moral life and lives with frustrations of shattered dreams. The rumbustious youth turns into old folk. The author relates the feelings of Paulas, Youth We are none of us more than twenty years old. But young? Youth? That is long ago. We are old folk. BIBLIOGRAPHY Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet on the westerly Front. Wikipedia- All Quiet on the Western Front. www. docshare. com.

Characterising Mesenchymal Stem Cells Health And Social Care Essay

This abstract is related to a seminar delivered by Dr. Platt sing Isolation of Mesenchymal report cellular telephones from kids s dentitions and geographic expedition of their break down in tissue fix. The seminar provided a comprehensive overview of root cells before concentrating on Mesenchymal root cells ( MSCs ) from the alveolar mush of kids deciduous dentitions. By definition, a root cell is an unspecialised cell that can both self-renew and distinguish into functional phenotypes ( Grad et al. , 2012 ) . Stem cells atomic number 18 divided into two chief groups embryologic root cells ( ESCs ) and gigantic root cells ( ASCs ) ( of bodily beginning ) . ESCs derive from blastocyte phase and ar capable to give rise to all sorts of cells. Therefore, ESCs are considered pluripotent. On the contrary, ASCs are merely multipotent because they have restricted distinction potency ( Barbara et al. , 2011 ) . Stem cells give rise to different cell types, and are classii?ed into to tipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent harmonizing to their grade of distinction or potency ( Arce et al. , 2007 ) . Totipotency is the ability to organize all cell types including the full foetus and placenta. Pluripotency is the ability to organize several(prenominal) cell types of all three sources beds ( exoderm, mesoblast and entoderm ) excepting excess embryologic tissues. Multipotency is the ability of giving rise to a limited scope of cells and tissues appropriate to their location such as Mesenchymal root cells ( MSCs ) ( Mirzapour et al. , 2011 ) .MSCs are ASCs with mesoblastic and neuroectodermal beginning ( Barbara et al. , 2011 ) .For case, MSCs possess an drawn-out grade of malleability compared to other ASCs populations, including the ability to distinguish in vitro into non-mesodermal cell types such as nerve cells and astrocytes. MSCs, in add-on to their multipotency, are easy to be isolated and cultured in vitro and they do non seemingly represent an ethical issue based on their beginning of beginning ( Barbara et al. , 2011 ) .The first unequivocal markers of MSCs were proposed in a new survey of Pittenger et al. , the group who besides developed consistent in vitro checks of MSC multipotentiality towards bone, gristle, and fat store of descents ( Pittenger et al. , 1999 ) . These MSC markers correspond to CD105 and CD73 molecules, severally. Of note, CD stands for bunch of distinction , the standard terminology for cell surface molecules ( Boxall et al. , 2012 ) . These two markers alongside CD90 are positively expressed on MSCs and remain the primary molecules used to place MSCs by the International Society of Cell Therapy ( ISCT ) place statement ( Dominici et al. , 2006 ) . The ISCT place statement besides advices that MSCs should be interdict for the look of CD11b or CD14, CD19 or CD79a, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR ( Dominici et al. , 2006 ) .MSCs harvested from assorted beginnings, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue and dental mush, h ave been tested for their periodontic tissue renewal potency. MSCs have shown improved efficaciousness and duplicability compared to current clinical pattern ( Tobita & A Mizuno, 2011 ) .Tooth derived cells are readily accessible and supply an easy and minimally trespassing(a) manner to obtain and hive away root cells for future usage. Obtaining root cells from human exfoliated deciduous dentitions ( SHED ) of kids is simple and convenient. Every kid loses primary dentitions, which creates the complete chance to retrieve and hive away this convenient beginning of root cells should they be needed to handle future hurts or complaints and nowadayss a far conk out alternate to merely flinging the dentition or hive awaying them as souvenir from the yesteryear. Stem cells can besides be recovered from developing wisdom dentitions and long-lasting dentition. Persons have different chances at different phases of their life to bank these valuable cells ( Arora et al. , 2009 ) .However, it is best to retrieve root cells when a kid is immature and healthy and the cells are strong and proliferative ( Arora et al. , 2009 ) .In fact, the research of Dr. Platt showed that dental mush cells from 2 twelvemonth sometime(a) female have increased attachment to plastic than those of 3 twelvemonth old female after 11-days post-seeding.SHED are instead freshly discovered MSC ( Miura et al. , 2003 ) . When compared with grownup bone marrow stromal root cells ( BMSSCs ) and dental mush root cells ( DPSCs ) , SHED of kids showed a higher proliferation rate ( Fig.A 1 ) and a higher figure of population duplicating ( Miura et al. , 2003 ) and interestingly express many of nervous cell markers in the cell civilization ( Huang et al. 2009 ) . Therefore, root cells from dental mush ( largely SHED from younger kids ) demonstrate increased multipotentiality and capableness to renew multiple dental/periodontal tissues in vitro and in vivo compared with MSCs from other niches ( Huang, 20 09 ) .Fig1 Datas obtained from Miura et al. , 2003Dental mush root cells can be preserved for long periods without losing their multipotential distinction ability ( Laino et al. , 2005 ) . The dental mush plays a major function in tooth regeneration after hurt, by take parting in a procedure called reparative dentinogenesis. An ideal signifier of therapy might harp of regenerative attacks in which diseased or necrotic mush tissues are removed and replaced with regenerated mush tissues to regenerate the dentition ( Sun et al. , 2010 ) .In fact, Dr. Platt isolated MSCs from deciduous dental mush ( SHELD ) by the enzyme-digestion method. This method involves the aggregation of the mush tissue under unfertile conditions, the digestion with appropriate enzymes ( collagenase, dispase, and trypsin ) for 90min at 37EsC/5 % CO2, the seeding in civilization dishes incorporating a special(a) medium supplemented with necessary additives, and so the incubation at 37AC.It can be concluded from D r. Platt research informations that Mesenchymal root cells from kids dental mush are fictile partisan cells with a fibroblastic morphology. These cells signifier settlements in vitro which is declarative of a stem/progenitor cell. In fact, it was proved that these mush cells have multi-lineage distinction potency in vitro, into several cell types including nervous primogenitors, chondrocytes, endothelocytes, adipocytes, smooth musculus cells and bone-forming cells ( Sloan & A Waddington, 2009 ) .To day of the month, several surgical techniques have been developed to renew periodontic tissues. The clinical result of soon available techniques is undependable, although assorted intervention modes have shown regenerative potency. Progresss in root cell biological science have yielded promising consequences in vitro and in vivo, proposing that future applications in dental medicine may be accomplishable ( Tobita & A Mizuno, 2011 ) .

Lotus Rental Car Assessment Essay

INTRODUCTIONAdding utility(a) displace vehicles to the fleet is essential to our environment, beneficial for our consumers, and potentially passing profitable for Lotus renting Car. With the everlasting increase in fuel, the consumer is looking for alternative slipway to save money on fuel and at the said(prenominal) time be informed about the negative impact that fuel and diesel motor have in our environment. alternate(a) fuel vehicles have never been much popular in the U.S. and be becoming a major source for public transportation. Our community has sour educated about the damaging effect in which swagger and diesel vehicles have been causing our environment. These vehicles be more environmentally favorable and are typically more cost-effective to produce. Therefore, it has a great pecuniary impact to the common family. Alternative fuel vehicles laughingstock tending our consumers save money on splosh while simultaneously impacting our environment in a positive an d healthy way.If Lotus Rental Car is aggressive and proactive in the purchase of alternative fuel vehicles, it will become the first major rental car company to lead a palmy path to the future. Lotus Rental Car will become the model company of the sensitive rental car era. We will decrease expenses, expand the variety of a new customer base, increase revenues through the new continuous revenue stream and sponsors. As a result of your new and wise investment, our companys market shares and profits will soar to a new company and constancy records.A new division to our selling department will be established to help promote the importance of renting from Lotus Rental Car. The marketing department will incorporate the benefit to our environment along with the potential savings to our consumers. The brand new marketing campaign and strategy will help promote our new vision. The alternative fuel market has few competitors, therefore, giving us the opportunity to add new customers to o ur company. We will be the first modern font company to benefit from this rare opportunity to dramatically increase our revenue flow.ENVIRONMENTIt does non take long to notice alternative fuel vehicles on the road every(prenominal)where you go. These type of vehicles are becoming the new trend in todays evolving automotive industry. As a community and consumer, we are more educated on how we directly impact our environment, both in a negative and positive way.Our federal regimen has developed agencies and passed federal acts to condition we limit the harm we do to our environment. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in 1970 and viewed as a necessary part of our federal g all overnment to help reduce our nations rising stress pollution. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Transportation source emit greenhouse gases that sum to climate changeIn 2011, transportation represented approximately 27 per centum of total U .S. GHG emissions (Transportation, 2011). In former(a) words, we will have a significant impact in reducing the greenhouse gases being emitted into our atmosphere.The EPA has been credited with significantly alter our air quality. In 1997, the Clean Air Act was passed to chasten and reduce ozone pollution. The Clean Air Act is essentially a fuel control measure to assist our local states in helping reduce our ozone pollution. Alternative fuel is significantly cleaner than conventional natural gas and provides significant reductions of certain compounds that contribute to air pollution and ozone pollution. According to Aaron Windecker and Adam Ruder (2013), Emissions were reduced by adopting alternative fuel vehicles (p.40). Their research concluded that alternativefuel vehicles that were added to vehicle fleets had reduced emission that harm our environment.In todays new automotive industry, we can see how these measures have greatly impacted our communities and businesses. Almos t all major ports are transitioning to alternative fuel vehicles. In the Long Beach and Los Angeles Ports, traditional diesel semi-trucks are no longer allowed access. In 2008, the Los Angeles Port established the Clean Truck Program to assist the Clean Air Act. This broadcast targeted major sources of air emissions and incorporated a ban on polluting trucks. All pre-1989 trucks were banned from entering the port.Research conducted by the Clean Air Act showed that In its first year, the program reduced the rate of port truck emissions by an estimated 70 percent, and when fully implemented in 2012, the emissions were reduced by 80 percent (Portoflosangeles.org, 2014). This is just a small example of how one port can positively impact the environment. A comparable impact can be accomplished here at Lotus Rental Car. By altering our fleet to provide more alternative fuel vehicles to our consumers, we will be contributing to our environment by improving our current air quality, ozone la yer and reducing toxic air pollutants.Transportation agencies are also transitioning to alternative fuel vehicles. Buses being operated by diesel and gas are being phased out and being replaced with environmentally friendly fueled vehicles. Our local cities are purchasing alternative fuel vehicles and are incorporating them into their general use, such as for police detectives and forensic units. There is not a negative impact to our environment if we change our fleet to be more diverse and environmentally friendly.CONSUMERIn todays changing market, traditional fuel sourced vehicles such as gasoline and diesel are no longer fulfilling the needs of every customer. Vehicles and the fuel it takes to power them, are an essential part of our American infrastructure and economy, moving people and goods across the country (Department of Energy, p. 1, 2014, October). Expanding ourmarket-share in the leasing of vehicles will require a more diversified lineup.We want our customers to underst and that at Lotus, we are not thinking just about profit for our company Lotus is also touch with the moral values of each customer. Once we introduce our new fleet of vehicles which will include an alternative fuel source vehicle, we will be forrard of our competitors, and our harvest-feast will occur as projected. Doing our best to provide a full selection of rental cars including alternate fuel source vehicles will recompense and meet the demands of todays consumer.As the technology improves, more people are becoming aware of how traditional fuels, such as gasoline and diesel fuel harm the environment. Todays consumers are concerned with these harmful effects, and wish to do some(a)thing positive about it. Alternative energy sources and technologies can acquire a vital role in lowering or eliminating our reliance on fossil fuels (Kouroussis, D., & Karimi, S. 2006, August p 346). By providing alternative fuel vehicles, we are allowing our environmentally conscious consumers a means of transportation in which they save money in fuel costs and reduces the spread of air pollution. Those consumers will try more business for us by sharing their rental experiences with both their colleagues and family. Everyone wants a healthy environment for the future generations.Traditionally fueled vehicles will no longer make up the majority of all vehicles being currently rented and operated today. Yes, technology is changing daily, and scientists that work for the U.S. government are still developing ways to both increase fuel efficiently and reduce harmful emissions. However, we do not know when the next breakthrough in technology will become available to the market Lotus needs to utilize the current technology today. The risk of incorporating alternative fuel source vehicles is one which Lotus needs to consider. permit us be the first rental company that offers a wider selection of vehicles by including the alternative fuel vehicles. This action will give our envir onmental conscious consumers a better feeling of spending their money with a company that aligns with their morals. Traditional fuel sources such as gasoline and diesel fuel may be a thing of the past, let us move forward into the future today.COSTThe initial cost of adding alternative fuel vehicles to the Lotus Rental Car fleet would be substantial. Generating revenue through selling additional shares on the stock market could have a negative effect if we do not show a profit after the first quarter in which we introduce a new fleet. There is only one other car rental agency that rents alternative fuel vehicles, which means we would have minimal competition in the industry. The United States currently has about 250,000 natural gas vehicles on the road today (Cngnow.com, 2014). Within the next ten years, that number is expected to increase by more than 200 percent. Not only do consumers want to buy eco-friendly cars, but they also want to rent them. Our proposed expansion shows thi s is the best time to invest in the alternative fuel industry. Research tells us there is a full-grown market, and we would expect to see a substantial profit from our investments.Adding new alternative fuel cars to our fleet will increase our customer percentage. Our new customer growth is expected to increase by 30 percent. Traditionally, more than half of new customers become long-term loyal customers. There is already a need to replace a large percentage of aging Lotus Rental Cars. This would be a great opportunity to retire some of the aging vehicles and implement the new alternative fuel vehicles to our new fleet. Replacing older vehicles as they phase out would cut cost while adapting to a more eco-friendly consumer service. Nearly three-quarters of drivers would consider an alternative fuel vehicle for their next car (Consumersunion.org, 2012).We believe renting is no different than buying. A fleet of 12 new vehicles per lot would cost Lotus Rental Car Company approximatel y $420,000. After one year, we would have all the cars paid off, therefore, a large portion of the rental fees would be primarily profitable revenue. It truly is a great long term investment in the company where the potential growth could exceed previous rental car records. After the first quarter with our new fleet, there could be a potential of a 100 percent growth rate by the end of the year. By gaining a competitive edge on the fact that we are the only company in our neck of the woods to offer this service, it appears the pros significantly outweigh the cons.According to Natural Gas Vehicles for America, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) currently costs approximately $2.13 per gallon compared with approximately $3.90 for gasoline (Keys, 2012, p.1). As being significantly more cost effective per gallon, CNG vehicles also go farther distances per gallon, which is even more of an incentive to consumers that have to fill up their rental car. Not only are you saving the environment but you are also saving the money in your consumers wallet. By not investing in natural gas vehicles, we would lose out on substantial tax credits in which the government is currently offering. If we switch over by December 31, we will save 25 percent on the total purchase price per vehicle. By all of these pros outweighing the cons, there is no causation we should not already have bought these natural gas vehicles.CONCLUSIONIf Lotus Rental Car transitioned towards purchasing a large number of alternative fuel vehicles, it would lead the rental car industry in the largest transition of this industrys history. Consumers and sponsors would view Lotus Rental Car as environmentally friendly and the new leader in the industry. Our goal is that Lotus Rental Car will become one of the most profitable businesses while being environmentally and consumer friendly. There are no glaring drawbacks to our valuable environment, and both the consumer and our company can benefit from the savings. Let L otus Rental Car make the successful investment today to modernize and lead the automotive industry towards alternative fuel vehicles.REFERENCESconsumersunion.org. (2012). Retrieved from https//consumersunion.org/news/consumer- reports-survey-americans-say-fuel-economy-most-important-car-buying-factor/cngnow.com. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.cngnow.com/vehicles/consumer- vehicles/Pages/information.aspxDepartment of Energy, (2014, October). _Vehicles_. Retrieved from http//energy.gov/public-services/vehiclesepa.gov. (2011). Retrieved from http//www.epa.govKeys, R. (2012). Southwestern energy touts CNG. Arkansas Business, 29(20), 20. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/1019740298?accountid=458Kouroussis, D., & Karimi, S. (2006, August). Alternative Fuels in Transportation. _Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 26_(02770), 346-355. Retrieved from http//bst.sagepub.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/content/26/4/346portoflosangeles.org. (2014). Retrieved from http//port oflosangeles.orgWindecker, A., & Ruder, A. (2013, August). Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment, _23_, 34-40.

My Favourite Band Essay

I have always sexual loved music since I was puppylike . My favorite band is One Direction . I love One Direction because they are the or so amazing band in the world . When I first heard their music, I knew that they were always going to be one of my favorites band. They song do me want to get up, dance, and sing . Their music is slick ,fun to beware to and over all great. One Direction are a British-Irish boy band consisting of members Niall Horan, Zayn Malik, Liam Payne, Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson . The cutest guys you could imagine . I like One Direction most because their voice is very nice and when they sings their voice comes from the heart and which is very touchy and tends the song listen many times. They competed on the seventh season of The X element . One Directions first single is What Makes You Beautiful . The first song of one direction that makes me feel crazy is What Makes You Beautiful . A catchy tune began to play, it made not only my body dance never theless my heart too.A deep and sweet voice began to sing meaningful lyrics that made me smile so much it hurt my cheeks. One Directions song Little Things has the emotions kind of moving, with the lyrics that make you want to cry because they are so meaningful. One Directions voices are reason why I love them so much. Their singing voices and talking voices can catch anyone speechless . Their voices are so beautiful, in every single way possible. I mostly like Harry and Zayn voices . Each member has beautiful personalities as well, another reason I love them so very much. Liam has a sweet and caring personality.Louis believes he will never grow up and thinks everything needs to be fun in a way. Zayn has a sweet, over protective, bad boy personality. Niall has an adorable, care free, special personality that makes everyone love him. Harry has the perfect kind of personality. He can be shy, but at the same time completely friendly. Harry is very sweet and seems to always make people feel special. One Direction is the most principal(prenominal) thing in my life. I absolutely in love with One Direction. Especially, Zayn Malik I hope that my dream to go to One Direction 2013 World circumference will come true .

One process theory of motivation Essay

Motivation is great part of todays management. However, most organizations dont give it much thought until something starts to go wrong. bother gets peoples attention. _(Sanjeev Sharma)_ Therefore it is important to motivate because motivation is force behind both human actions _(Sanjeev Sharma)_. Manager must(prenominal) be able to sort out and fulfil the most urgent postulate of employees as well as other require to keep than satisfied, free from test, and steeply motivated. Satisfied and motivated employees argon value because they go out be less likely to quit the job whence reducing staff turnover and cost of employee training as they will have gained all the necessary skills and experience, so their mathematical operation will be good, hence companies overall performance can rise as well.This essay is rivet on the exploration and comparison of Alderfers and Adams theories. It ruleks the answers to what makes them put across in different category and yet what are the similarities between them and, furtherto a greater extent, how they can be used in concert to achieve greater efficiency and to leave less for the chance of error or uncertainty when motivating the employee.Many people have studied needs and substances of motivating the employees. Theories on this subject can be very different and are divided into two categories content and demonstrate theories. Content theories stress that every one of us has same focalise of needs, which must be satisfied. One of the first and most influential content theories is Maslows Hierarchy of of necessity (1954). This conjecture states that human needs are formed similar to pyramid with 5 levels, where bottom level must be completed to move to the near level. Five levels are 1. Psychological (food, shelter, clothe), 2. Security needs, 3. Social needs, 4. Self-esteem (recognition and self-belief), 5. self-actualization (develop ones full potential). (R. Fincham, P Rhodes, 2005 p.195) One similar to Maslows is ERG (Existence, Relatedness, and offshoot) theory developed by Alderfer (1972).Alderfers theory says that everybody has 3 sets of needs. Existence, which includes food, shelter, clothes, need to feel safe and similar (Maslows 1st and 2nd levels). Relatedness social activities, family, friendly working environment, etc (Maslows 3rd and 4th levels). Growth recognition from supervisors and managers, occasional bonuses or rise in salary, promotion, etc (Maslows 4th and 5th levels). Although it looks like the Maslows Hierarchy of of necessity with less and more(prenominal) compact sets of needs, there is one important difference there is no hunting lodge specified in which these needs must be satisfied. _(Fincham, Rhodes, 2005)_ However, as Kotler et al 2005, points out if one has unsatisfied need, one will try to find something that satisfies it or tries to get rid of the need. This relates to the frustration Regression belief in Alderfers theory while when the nee d has been satisfied it also is strengthened (as illustrated in chart below) _(12manage.com_). However, with the passage of time and potential changes in lifestyle or other circumstances can force one to come back to needs that have been satisfied in past and set new, more demanding needs to meet the needs of current situation.Companies has limited influence on Existence set of needs, other than providing rates of pay which enables histrion to pay all the bills and supply family with enough food, and still have some extra spending money left (there are cases where worker villages have been built in order to provide workers with accommodation and everything necessary, as to provide for existence needs and ultimately have some control of workers lives as well). However, there are many possible ways of satisfying Relatedness and Growth sets of needs. Relatedness could be satisfied by ensuring friendly and open working conditions, possibly non-work related social activities with co-wo rkers, extra holidays to spend with families. Growth is arguably the most important and the most work related one. Growth is almost entirely dependant on supervisors, as for example rise and promotion. likewise praise and recognition from supervisor will be much more effective than ones from co-workers, although being recognized as unofficial pass awayer by co-workers is potently motivating and satisfying.Process theories however, admit that we all are different and therefore have different needs. Further more they focus on way employees see themselves in the company, the way they are treated in respect of the other employees in regard of their effort and performance. Adams Equity theory explores inputs and products of a worker and tries to set the balance between them. Inputs embody the effort and performance worker puts in his job like dedication, long hours, high efficiency and outputs on the other hand, represent all he wants to receive for that like recognition from superv isors in form of praise or rise in salary, promotion, bonuses and similar. Adams stresses that keeping balance between inputs and outputs is very important as in case of imbalance worker can loose self-esteem, motivation or come under pressure to perform better, therefore coming under stress, which will needfully lead to fall in performance. Although whim of being overpaid is non widely studied it is believed that the negative effect of the feeling wears of shortly and has little effect on the worker, _(SIOP)_ however has impact on other workers who might feel underpaid or undervalued.Therefore, all extra inputs must be balanced with extra outputs. Nevertheless one must not forget that first of all employees will compare themselves to co-workers. If one employee will have high rewards, for example have a rise, than others will look for justification for that. In case that none is found others will feel neglected therefore their performance will drop or they will ask for the rise, or encourage other (the one who receives higher rewards) to work harder, or convince themselves that they are not worth the higher reward _(SIOP)._ Some of these outcomes are potentially mentally dangerous therefore create stress in the workplace or withal worse crate tension between workforce which can lead to different unwanted outcomes even such as strikes out violence outbursts. This inevitably means that overall performance of the company will drop. _(Fincham, Rhodes, 2005)_The main difference between these theories lies in the fact that Alderfers one focuses on satisfaction of needs whereas Adams one focuses on creating good and balanced relationship between inputs and outputs of the worker and more importantly good relationship and equality between co-workers, and fairness from the supervisor. It is not specified in Alderfers theoryexactly how to determine when is the best time to motivate the employee nor why, while on the other hand Adams theory is more concerned about wh en and why to motivate the employee. This shows clearly that these two theories are completely different in their basis. Furthermore part of Alderfers theory is Frustration Regression principle in which an unsatisfied need is being regressed and made up by satisfying more other needs. In some respect similarly with Adams theory if balance is unfair than employees will feel discomfort. Both of these will take employees mind of the duties of work which will lead in fall of performance.Alderfers and Adams theories both point out the need of balance between things, however each theory puts stress on different things. Alderfer suggests that needs of employee must be equally satisfied between each of the three sets, therefore no need are neglected. However, as mentioned before, a need can be neglected if it has been recently satisfied. On the other hand if one need or set of needs is recently satisfied, it stands above others in level of satisfaction, which therefore makes it reasonable for it to be neglected until other needs reach same level of satisfaction. This process can take up some time and does not require immediate levelling of scales, however Adams scales should be levelled at all times. Longer the process of the levelling takes, longer the employees feel the discomfort of injustice which will inevitably lead to employees satisfaction or motivation dropping or level of stress rising.In fact Alderfers theory could easily become a part of Adams theory as a way of determining outputs, for example friendly relationships in workplace is part of Relatedness set of needs and output, which management has provided. Alderfer does not relate to inputs in his theory. This fact makes Adams theory more sophisticated and better suited for understanding when and why employee should be awarded. Because if manager is looking to improve worker motivation and job satisfaction he/she can see on one scale the inputs worker has done from where in comparison to co-workers inpu ts and outputs an appropriate output can be made. However in order to do the comparison of employees past and co-worker present performances, they have to be constantly monitored and records unbroken of the of the learning. UsingAlderfers theory, however, requires manager to understand employees needs and situation to see which needs must be satisfied and what would be the best way to satisfy the need, therefore bringing greater understanding of how and why to award or motivate employee.Adamss theory is good theory to be victimisation for large companies with many users which all have to be motivated. With help of large and detailed database of workers and their inputs, such as working time, are they late for work or not, their performance, etc and outputs their wages, ways of recognition, etc one can compare workers. Special program can be easily made and adjusted to record and analyse data for independent, non favouring, information on workers which would help to make decisions on their extra outputs. On the other hand Alderfers theory would more go for managerial level or smaller companies as it requires in-depth understanding of employee and his situation.If one would put these two theories together the outcome could be a theory in which workers activity is constantly monitored and enter for purposes of comparison with previous performance and performance of co-workers, therefore, determining the inputs as by Adams theory. However, the outputs would be determined according to the needs specified in Alderfers theory. Alderfers theory could also be substituted, for example, by Hertzbergs two-factor theory.Although content and process theories are different in their basis, they both work for the same goal and in times can be combined or as in this case content theory can be a part of process theory to explain it more fully and efficiently or just to bring the highest level of efficiency. However, besides the fact Alderfers theory can be used to compliment the Adams theory, one must not forget that most important part of Adams theory is far from just motivating the employee but is base on equality among workers and their inputs/outputs, because too much outputs can produce feeling of overpayment therefore creating stress for employee as he/she tries to increase inputs to level the scales. Alderfers theory explores which need to satisfy and how while Adams theory explores when and why to satisfy theneed. Previous sentence is very good way of explaining the difference between two theories and perceive that in order for each theory to work in best way possible both theories must work together.REFERENCESBooksP. Kotler, V. Wong, J. Saunders, G. Armstrong, _Principles of Marketing,_ (2005 4th European Edition) p. 8, promulgated by Pearson Education Ltd, Harlow, EnglandR. Fincham, P. Rhodes, _Principles of Organizational Behaviour,_ (2005, 4th Edition) Published by Oxford University Press, New York, United StatesOnlineSanjeev Sharma, A r ight way to motivate an employee, is to win his heart online uniform resource locatorhttp//www.bpoindia.org/research/win-heart.shtml Accessed 24/11/0512manage.com _ERG Theory (Alderfer)_online urlhttp//www.12manage.com/methods_alderfer_erg_theory.html Accessed24/11/05Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology inc. (SIOP), _ judge lecture notes 4,_onlineurl http//siop.org/Instruct/Justice/Justice%20Lecture%20Notes%204.doc Accessed 26/11/05

Sectionalism

Sectionalism Essay During the 1850s, thr all(prenominal), a southern necessity both socially and economically, exist the unity of our nation essay writer site. The tensions were high between the labor union and southwestward, and shape up increased as more and more factors contri plainlyed to the strain in the Union. As an outcome of these factors, small and big, sectional villainy began to arise and commenced the splitting of the nation ultimately leading to the American Civil struggle. The very first issue that caused provincialism in the 1850s between the normality and southwesterly was the Compromise of 1850.This compromise was a package of bills, passed in the unify States in September 1850, regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War. It was drafted by Whig Senator heat content Clay and was negotiated with Stephen Douglas in order to avoid secession or civil war in 1850. The Compromise of 1850 caused sectionalism in the Union because it first open California as a free state and turned down the Southern proposal to split California at the 35 parallel causing the South to be frustrated at the admittance of California.To balance out the annexation of California, the South was pleased to hear that the territories of New Mexico and Utah would have thrall decided with popular s overeignty, meaning that the bulk who settled there would decide whether or non the territory would be free or slave. Little did they receive that they were being cheated, because the land in New Mexico and Utah was unsuited for agriculture and not fit for slave endtations.The biggest blow that caused sectionalism in the Compromise of 1850 was delivered when the fleeting Slave Law became more strongly enforced. The Fugitive Slave Law basically declared that all runaway slaves must be returned to their masters and anyone who aid the runaway slave would be arrested. It excessively gave commissioners ten dollars for every slave that was returned to its master and louver dollars for every accused slave released, which led to greedy commissioners re-enslaving freed slaves.Lastly, the regard over slavery in the nations capital was resolved during this compromise, it banned the trading of slaves in the capital but still allowed slavery to be executed, which did not do much because people would just bring slaves in from neighboring states. The Compromise of 1850 was made in order to restrain the Union from splitting, but in its take in charge to please both the North and South, it caused them to develop more sectional hatred for one an some other. Another factor that caused sectionalism at the time came with the publishing of Uncle Toms cabin in 1852.This apply was an anti-slavery novel by the author Harriet Beecher Stowe and was the bestselling novel of the 19th century. She was an abolitionist, which means she was against slavery, and she wrote the book so the North would understand how badly the South were treat ing their slaves. This book stood out among all the other anti-slavery books because it was the first to develop an emotional impact on the reader and personified the slave, not as a piece of property, but as a living human being.Her words galvanized the North to take action instead of remain undecided on their view of slavery and showed the people in the North, and charge other neighboring countries how devastating slavery was in the South. The South saw this book as a direct attack on their practice of slavery and developed a burning hatred for the words of Stowe because she was said to exaggerate greatly on the practice of slavery, do it seem more inhumane and savage then it really was.This book caused the Union to become further sectionalized and caused more hate between the North and South to the point where Lincoln even referred to Stowe as the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war. Uncle Toms Cabin did more than awaken the North it influenced other nati ons to stay out of the Civil War because they were so moved by the book and were afraid it would stir up troubles in their own countries if they picked a side.The differing views about the institution of slavery contributed to the learning suspension between the South and North and was another factor that caused sectional hatred in the 1850s. A huge factor that caused the chasm between the North and South to grow was one regarding the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. This act was proposed by Steven Douglas and it split the Louisiana Purchase into two and created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening them for settlement and letting them decide the issue of slavery finished popular sovereignty.The conclusion to decide slavery in these territories through popular sovereignty rivaled the great Missouri Compromise of 1820 because both the territories were above the 3630 parallel and yet they had a chance to become slave states if enough people voted for it. The act inflamed the slavery issue and led opponents to form the republican Party, which was supported by Abraham Lincoln and saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil.The Republican Party held all its power in the North and caused many of the Northerners to rally to them on the grounds that the Kansas-Nebraska Act opposed the Missouri Compromise that kept those grounds sacred and untouched by slavery. This caused life in Kansas to be a mini civil war with Northerners and Southerners competing with one another for land and other resources, resulting in a lot of violence, which led to the coining of the term bleed Kansas because of the national governments inability to contain the disorder.Douglas plan to find middle ground between the free and slave states ended up driving the North and South distantther apart because both slave and free advocates believed they rightfully had claims to the territory, the Northerners supporting the Missouri Compromise, and the Southerners supporting the new-found Kansas-Nebraska Act. The secretive Ostend Manifesto of 1854 played a small employment in driving the nation apart. The manifesto contained rationale for the United States to buy Cuba from Spain and implied that the U.S. would declare war on Spain if it refused to sell Cuba to them peacefully. The annexation of Cuba was a huge destination for southern expansionists because they sought to bring in Cuba as a slave state and said that Cuba was vital to the Unions domestic interests. The document puzzleed a diplomatic firestorm, reinforcing remote fears of aggressive American expansion and caused the Northerners who were now enlightened on the cruelty of slavery to become insubordinate to the South.This led to the coining of the term slavocracy which basically described the people who used their governmental power to corrupt slavery and spread it across the nation. Although this attempt to annex Cuba into the Union was a failure, it did represent the intentions of the South and caus e the North to become agitated. This manifesto was one of the small contributing factors to the separation of the North and South that would soon pile onto the ever gro reachg heap of sectionalism in the Union. Another pillow slip that contributed to the sectionalism between the North and South was the famous Sumner Assault of 1856.On May of that year, the brilliant speaker, Charles Sumner made his speech that denounced The Crime Against Kansas along with other Southern leaders, such as Senator Butler. A fellow senator, Preston Brooks, took deep offense to the harsh word from Sumners mouth and considered challenging the babbling madman to a duel, but then soon realized he must not stoop so low as to duel someone as scum-like as Sumner. So to solve his problem, on May 22, 1856 Preston Brooks strolls into the Senate Chamber and starts to beat Charles Sumner voraciously with his cane.This caused Brooks to gain much fame from his fellow Southerners and people even went so far as to sen d him personal canes to replace his bloody broken one. The Northerners, on the other hand, were extremely outraged at this praising of Brooks and his violent acts and further supported their theory that the South were savages. In order to show support for their now injured speaker, Massachusetts reelected Sumner for another term and left his seat idle as a reminder of southern brutality and cause the North to have more reasons to develop sectional hatred for the South.The Dred Scott Decision of 1857 was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court that caused the greatest division between the North and South. It stated that people of African descent brought into the United States and held as slaves were not protected by the Constitution and were not U. S. Citizens. Furthermore, Taney withal included in this court case that the slave, Dred Scott was never free, regardless of where he lived, because slaves were personal property.This decision also went so far as to claim the Missouri Co mpromise of 1820 to be unconstitutional because the federal government had no right to prohibit slavery in the new territories. They also argued that the Constitution supported slavery because it did not outlaw or restrict it within the United States. Antislavery groups were appalled by this court decision and feared that slavery might spread unchecked and as a result, the Republican Party of 1854 fought to gain control of the Congress and the courts.The Dred Scott Decision was also a event that appealed to the people emotionally, much the Uncle Toms Cabin, because people began to sympathize for slaves who were treated unfairly, such as Dred Scott. The court decision pleased the South because it allowed slavery to exist everywhere because the federal government has no legal power to take away property, and it upset the North because they saw it as a terrible decision that would allow slavery in their states. This caused the tension between the two to become even more strained and fo reshadowed the terrible disunion that was to come.Another written document that caused hostility between the North and South was the Lecompton Constitution of 1857. This constitution was one of the four proposed constitutions for the state of Kansas that were made in the three years since the Kansas-Nebraska Act. During this three year period, the North and South grew increasingly caught up in whether or not Kansas would join as a free or slave state. In the end, the pro-slavery forces won control of the constitutional convention in the town of Lecompton on a day in September.This only happened because the anti-slavery group in Kansas believed the voting was rigged and refused to vote for the constitution, causing the pro-slavery group in Kansas to win the vote and pass the contribution to the Congress. However, the Congress saw something wrong with the voting sensed that the voting was fraudulent and that popular sovereignty did not work in effect because of the Norths refusal to v ote. Seeing that the North had not had a chance to vote, Douglas persuaded Congress to called for a new vote on the Lecompton Constitution, and on January 4, 1858 the new vote was swept over with anti-slavery Republicans.This solved the problem of Kansas admittance to the Union but it caused other problems such as the splitting of the Democratic Party because of debate over Bleeding Kansas and it also lost Douglas many Southern votes in the upcoming election. This caused the nation to further become sectional due to the Lecompton Constitution ripping apart the only political party that had a mixture of Northerners and Southerners and causing the South to become angered at the rejection of their constitution. One of the last major events in the 1850s that caused intense sectional hatred between the North and South was the execution of John Brown in 1859.John Brown was a dedicated abolitionist that commanded forces multiple times in Kansas, making him a very stern and somewhat violent man. This proved to be true when Brown led a few of his troops to Pottawatomie to kill five pro-slavery supporters. The death of these pro-slavery men only sated his appetite for justice for a small while and in 1859, Brown sought to carry out a plan that Southerners have feared for every since slavery arose. Brown took his small group of men, and on October 16 of that year, he attempted to start an armed slave revolt by seizing a United States Arsenal at Harpers Ferry.The attack was so crazy and so unexpected that Brown and his troops took the armory easily, but their problem arose when it came to galvanizing the slaves. With the slaves refusing to fight back, Robert E. Lee and his troops overwhelmed Browns small number of men and forced them to surrender. The South, who were appalled by Browns crazy attempt to strike slavery, sentenced him to death by hanging. However, John already saw his fate and found what his purpose was. He believed that he was much more useful as a martyr that would give the abolitionists someone to fight for. His perception of his death caused im to make beautiful speeches against the institution slavery, which gained him sentiment and established a personal bond with all the abolitionists in the North. John Browns execution gave many Northerners a reason to hate the South because they had killed a man who was brave enough to stand up for the advanced of the nation. As a result, tensions increased to its maximum capacity and caused the Election of 1860 to be the straw the broke the camels back. During the 1850s, there was an overwhelming amount of sectionalism in the United States because of the differences between the North and South.Many factors, small and big, contributed to sectional hatred between the North and South, which was terribly unhealthy for the prosperity of the nation. The buildup of tension came from a variety of things, from frivolous brawls in the Congress to the publishing of a book, and everything in between. A ll of these tiny disagreements continued to add up, causing hatred to fester between the anti-slavery and pro-slavery groups which began the secession of the South, resulting in the start of the bloodiest war in U. S history, The American Civil War.

The Overwhelming Legacy of Napoleon Bonaparte

The legacy of pile Bona officee began in 1793 and continues to this day. Although the french general Napoleon left France sm eacher than it origin in ally was at the beginning of the Revolution in 1789, he was widely respected during his lifetime and thereafter. Napoleon Bonaparte produced an everlasting imprint on the history of atomic number 63 as a result of his great military genius, development of political ideas, and the remodeling of cut law. At the bow of Napoleons success lay his military genius. Much of Napoleons military genius comes from his studies of historys finest commanders.Of these influences on Napoleon were Alexander, Caesar, Hannibal, Gustavus Adolphus, Turenne, Eugene, and most of all Frederick the Great. Napoleon used Fredericks strategies and adapted them to his own tactical system (Chandler 70). Napoleons military tactics were based rough the corps d armee, a small army containing the elements of sawbuck, infantry, and artillery. The most important adva ntage of the small army was its cleverness of fighting alone for a long period of time a profitsst superior enemy forces until help could be attained (Chandler 79).With speed, good order, and carefully principal(prenominal)tained formations, a successful cavalry was developed. Every type of cavalry was placed in one of three categories, each with specific tasks. The heavy cavalry used their sizing and weight to create holes in the enemies line of battle. The cavalry of the line was expected to protect lines of communication and stretch forth out raids. The light cavalry was mainly used for pursuit and to explore areas in order to gain military information (Chandler 94). Napoleon was the first general to employ cavalry simultaneously to conceal his main troop movements and to recognize the front.The foot soldiers of the infantry were the backbone of Napoleons army (Chandler 97). The infantry marched in a editorial up to the attack instead of a line. This column was more maneuvera ble than lines, and could swing into a limber alteration of columns and three-rank lines (Herold 97). Eventually, Napoleons enemies were influenced by these grand tactics. The enemy reformed and devised countermeasures that proved to bring down Napoleon (Chandler 69). Boldness, the earmark of the Napoleonic tactics, influenced warfare for a century.Napoleon Bonaparte carried through a series of reforms that were begun during the Revolution. He constituted the Bank of France, which has continued to function, more or less unchanged, up to the present time, as a discipline bank and as the source of the French government for currency, public loans, and the deposit of public funds (Thompson 169). In addition to the influence on Banks, Napoleon also reformed the education system. The present secularly controlled French educational system was begun during the Reign of Terror and completed by Napoleon.A corporation, known as the University of France was organized. The University was res ponsible for sightedness that all education (including private), would turn out citizens to be attached to their religion, ruler, and family (Cronin 204). Primary schools were reopened with priests as teachers, but Napoleon gave most of his attention to secondary schools, where he changed the curriculum to allow early specialization. At age fifteen, a boy chose to study either mathematics and history of science, or classics and philosophy (Cronin 204). This system of education lifelessness remains in France.One of Napoleons greatest constructive works lies in the remodeling of French law. The reckon Napoleon, although naturalized by Napoleon about 200 years ago, has had lasting effects and influences to this day. This remodeled the entire body of French law, and is contained in five legislations dealing with civil, commercial, and criminal law. The civil code established the citizens right to equality originally the law, religious toleration, the inviolability of property, and the superior place of the father in a family. The commercial code reordered every part of industrial and agricultural life.It brought about full employment, more stable prices, and a balance of trade. The criminal code set up a superior system of circuit judges, but rejected the idea of juries (Chandler 104). As a result of the Napoleonic conquests, the code was introduced into a number of European countries, notably Belgium, where it is still in force. It also became the model for the civil codes of Quebec Province, Canada, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, some Latin American republics, and the state of Louisiana. Napoleons influence is evident in France even today.His spirit has spread throughout the constitution of the Fifth Republic. The countrys basic law is still the Code Napoleon, the administrative and judicial systems are essentially Napoleonic, and a uniform state-regulated system of education persists. Napoleons reforms in all parts of Europe cultivated the ground for the revolutions of the 19th century. Today, the impact of the Code Napoleon is apparent in the law of most European countries. Napoleon Bonaparte, who once studied the greatest commanders to have lived, could now discover himself recognized along with those same great names.

Automotive Industry

Auto is a large industry which mainly engaged in manufacture, design, discipline, sales and marketing of fomites. Globally, it is wizard of the most crucial economic sector. correspond to the researchers, there are 806 million vehicles includes railroad cars on the road in 2007, which consumes 980 billion litres of petrol and diesel yearly, (Wikipedia. 2018).Therefore, railway car is a major mode of transportation for galore(postnominal) country economies. In this industry, safety is crucial elbow room the usager or manufacturer do not meet each pretend from motor vehicle or its parts. Thus, automobile attain to come about with the rules and regulations. The model ISO 26262 is the most proper practice framework to spend a penny automotive functional safety, (Wikipedia. 2018).However, in safety issues, the product whitethorn flaw or fault during manufacturing, therefore the manufacturer force out ask to return the vehicle. This is called as product recall. Product and operation inspections lead legion(predicate) levels to avoid the products recalls by ensure security, (Wikipedia. 2018). Despite, the automotive industry really concern about recalls, which cause pecuniary riddles.Volkswagen Volkswagen is a German auto manufacturer which founded by German labour Front under Adolf Hitler in May 28, 1937, (Wikipedia. 2018). Its head office located in Wolfsburg, German, (Volkswagen. 2018). Volkswagen is one of the leading automotive manufacturer and biggest manufacturing line of products in Europe, (Volkswagen. 2018).As well as, it is biggest sales marque of Volkswagen class which is the largest automaker in orbwide, (Volkswagen. 2018). It is in betoken of many brands includes Volkswagen, Audi, Lamborghini, SEAT, S usher outia, Ducati, MAN, Bentley, Bugatti and Skoda, (Volkswagen. 2018).As great achievements, Volkswagen performed sales record of 6.29 million vehicle in 2010 with market care at 11.4 percentage, (Wikipedia. 2018). Volkswagen all overly is the third biggest automaker in year 2010 and second greatest manufacturer in the world in the year 2012, (Wikipedia. 2018).In addition, Volkswagen has manufacture facilities in many countries includes United States, Russia, Mexico, China, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Argentina, Brazil, Portugal, Poland, Spain, Bosnia, Kenya and South Africa, (Wikipedia. 2018). Volkswagen is one of the roaring company that listed by Forbes Global 2000 in 2011, (Wikipedia. 2018). Therefore, Volkswagen has goal of become worlds greatest auto manufacturer by 2018, but its spark scandal issue caused the geological formation to drop of market capitalization, (Volkswagen. 2018).Volkswagen Emissions Violation The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) which a non-profitable council tried to provide separate research to environsal regulation agencies, (Zhou, A. 2016). Therefore, it selected westside Virginia University to conduct the emission tests. Volkswagen encouraged it diesel cars as an environmental friendly and give the sack streamlined vehicles, which realize slightly high revenue.However, one of the professor named Arvind Thiruvengadam noted that Volkswagen has some fraud on diesel emissions, (Zhou, A. 2016). As continuous research, the ICCT suspected that Volkswagen has fixed fault device, (Zhou, A. 2016). ecumenically, computer on test accept the turns in how the emissions rig system and vehicle can choose only few.But, Volkswagens device can do more. Therefore, the ICCT summarized and submitted all the collected information to environmental Protection Agency (EPA). On September 2015, the EPA issued a notice of Clean blood line Act to Volkswagen Group, (Wikipedia. 2018). The Volkswagen had violated the Clean Air Act by illegally installed software product into diesel cars to hoaxer emission tests, (Zhou, A. 2016).However, this test to control the due north oxide level, but it released up to 40 times more nitrogen oxide when drivin g, (Zhou, A. 2016). moreover, Volkswagen also admitted that had been applied this software in 11 million cars worldwide, (Zhou, A. 2016). Later, EPA also found modified software fitted into Porsche, Audi and some Volkswagen models, (Zhou, A. 2016).Responses In order to compensate, Volkswagen commanded voluntary recall, make public apology and the chief executive officer with new(prenominal) directors of the organization resigned, (Zhou, A. 2016).The Volkswagen Group is also facing casings and criminal charges and hence future of the organization is hopeless, (Wikipedia. 2018). As a ill-treat towards to solve, Volkswagen former CEO Martin Winterkorn released a video apology when the company under fire. In his statement, I explain sincerely to our node, regulatory agencies and the public for misbehaviour, said by Winterkorn in German, (Groden, C. 2015).More than that, Volkswagen current CEO Matthias Muller also has apologized for emission test cheating, (France, A. 2016). Besid e public apologies, Volkswagen promised to reserve 6.5 billion euros to use make cars follow with pollution standards, (Zhou, A. 2016). Although, its looks big amount, but it is only the half year of company profit.Furthermore, Volkswagen meet 3.3 billion euro lawsuit and experience some criminal cases, (Zhou, A. 2016). In the United States, the company encountered fine up to $30,000 per car, (Zhou, A. 2016). In addition, the share price of Volkswagen fell over 20 percent, (Kollewe, J. 2016).Moreover, Volkswagen officially announced vehicle recall which recalls the 83,000 three litre diesel vehicles with model year between 2009 and 2015, (Berkeley, L and Christine, W. 2016). Volkswagen also spend $225 million to crucify nitrogen oxide emissions, (Berkeley, L and Christine, W. 2016).The company also name $25 million to California Air Resources Board to support the bountiful emission vehicles, (Berkeley, L and Christine, W. 2016). Apart from that, Volkswagen Group CEO Martin Winter korn resigned and head of brand farmment Heinz-Jakob Neusser, Porsche research and development director, Wolfgang Hatz, and Audi research and development director, Ulrich Hackenberg were suspended, (Wikipedia. 2018).Further, the Volkswagen headquarter and new(prenominal) branches were raided for further investigation, (Zhou, A. 2016).It Is Effective Although Volkswagen responded with public apology, lawsuit and voluntary recall on its emission violation, it is not much effective ways to overcome from the study risk. The Volkswagen still not recuperate the consumer trust. The organization should use the business continuity syllabus to recover the business with higher profit.Alternative settlement Volkswagen Group is still facing many problems of establishing credibility to their customers. Hence, I suggest business continuity plan (BCP) that can apply into the Volkswagen business. The BCP is a plan to help that business process can continue during the disaster. In this case, Vo lkswagen emission scandal is man-made disaster whereby the business is not able to continue in expression conditions.The 5 Business Continuity Planning PhasesProject management and initiationVolkswagen need to identify the risks behind the issue of emission scandal. Therefore, the primary risk of this company is image risk as known as reputation risk. spirit risk can loss result from damages to the companys reputation.Thus, this risk affected the Volkswagen companys revenue which is went drop, extendd operational expenses including compensation and fines and also kills corporate trust of consumers and stakeholders. Next, legal risk is also one of the main risk which also need to consider. Volkswagen need to face legal risk includes fine and criminal charges to cheat the government.Moreover, the Volkswagen also need to establish new management team. Management team includes IT coordinator, business continuity coordinator (BCC), crisis motorcoach. IT coordinator to provide advice on best programming and provide technical support for system. In this case, the IT experts of Volkswagen installed defeat device.They cheated on programming committal to writing code. Next, Volkswagen can hire business continuity coordinator who develop and maintain the business continuity plans. They also liable for the critical situation which identify the risk, and provide solution to minimize the risks. Volkswagen also can hire crisis manager who responsible for disaster reco really and responsible for communication with insurance doer. Business Impact AnalysisAs an impact of reputation risk, Volkswagen loss trust credibility among the customers and shareholders.More than that, Volkswagen became the target of regulatory investigations in many countries. In fact, one of the German newspaper labelled this issue as most expensive act of stupidity in the history of the car industry, (Zhou, A. 2016). After this news, immediately Volkswagens stock price fell, (Zhou, A. 2016).The V olkswagen also affected on legal risk which facing some lawsuits and fines, (Edwards, J. 2016).The United States Justice Department has sued Volkswagen with $48 billons under environmental laws, (Edwards, J. 2016). It also give $14.7 billion as penalties to the Clean Air Act violation, (Zhou, A. 2016). However, the total loss of Volkswagen Group based on this emission scandal issue is almost $90 billion which is consider the trench loss in Volkswagen history, (Edwards, J. 2016).Beside financial loss, it also contaminated the environment. The scandal tragedy released extensive amounts of nitrogen oxide. It is polluted the environment. Moreover, nitrogen oxide cause smog, greenhouse effect, acid rain and tropospheric ozone which associated with health effect such as respiratory problem includes lungs irritation, wheezing, asthma, emphysema.Nitrogen oxide also cause damaging vegetation which reduce growth of plants.Recovery strategiesThe Volkswagen Group in the main affected by reputa tion (image) risk. It damaged its image and facing problems of establishing credibility to customers and stakeholders. Thus, to recover from this issue, have some recovery solutions such as Volkswagen can restart the business in new name, partnership with separate agency and issue the deposit, (Zhou, A. 2016).Volkswagen should use these solutions to restore credibility to its company.Re-brandingAs known as, Volkswagen is a worldwide brand and it is the largest car company in the world. Hence, the scandal issue is not forgotten easily, unless restart the business with new name. Re-branding may improve the brand image and it make easier for the business to speed up efficient program, (Zhou, A. 2016). However, re-branding is an expensive and have high risk, but it will reduce bad publicity of the organization, (Zhou, A. 2016).If Volkswagen ready to rebrand its business, it should develop company with greener environment and corporate societal responsible (CSR), (Zhou, A. 2016). The company reputation will increase when it give more impressiveness for environmental friendly and sustainability. Thus, the re-branding company should collaborate with Federal Trade Commission which give importance to sustainability work, (Zhou, A. 2016).More than that, the re-branding company should concentrate on minimizing energy consumption, saving water, minimizing carbon emission and reducing waste. Further, the re-branding company can engage with communities or NGOs to show the public that they have care about society, (Zhou, A. 2016).However, these are helpful to use social marketing as a recovery strategy that increase the companys image. Partnership with Independent handicap AgencyEven though Volkswagen have its own audit team to inspect their vehicles emissions, the organization should partnership with the external independent agency to regain the customers trust.Thus, there are some independent verification agency includes Fair Labour Association (FLA), World Business Council for sustainable Development (WCSBD), Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), (Zhou, A. 2016).As more information of these independent agencies, FLA has own Code of Conduct and sustainable compliance methodology, (Zhou, A. 2016). The WCSBD is a ball-shaped network which handle recent sustainable development issues, (Zhou, A. 2016). LMOP is a voluntary program which concentrate on to reduce the methane emissions from land by using renewable energy, (Zhou, A. 2016).Finally, FTC that mainly focus on customer protection, (Zhou, A. 2016).However, if Volkswagen partnership with any independent verification agency, thus not only can rebuild the consumer trust, but also can get rewards and recognition from NGOs based on CSR practices. More, if Volkswagen partnership with prestigious global organization will give stronger credibility.Issue a bandageAnother recovery method to achieve again the customer trust is Volkswagen should issue bond. This is because bond is benchmark of credibility. Also Volkswagen can announced that if again the cheating is happen, they will pay a bond to the European Commissions, (Zhou, A. 2016). This will motivate the regulators to be strict in audit.Hence, the amount can use for develop environment good vehicle, decarbonisation of engine and information technology infrastructure. Volkswagen should issue high price bond, thus customer will know that the company regret on emission scandal issue. This is because Volkswagen Company have many assets. In order to invest this bond, Volkswagen should sell its assets or any branch.For example, oil price in increase rapidly, thus Volkswagen should sell its companies to make environmental good vehicles such as electric vehicle. If Volkswagen can capitalized, then it became the great company in automotive industry.Information technology infrastructureVolkswagen should use advance information technology.Therefore, it made progress in infrastructure of v ehicles includes emission control system, safety features and audio system. After this scandal issue, people do not buy Volkswagen car, thus using technology in emissions control system will force customers. Volkswagen may use technologies to control nitrogen oxide includes selective catalytic reduction (SCR), Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), fly the coop NOx traps (LNTs) and Lean NOx catalysts (LNCs), (MECA. 2007).The SCR is a reducing agent which able to reduce nitrogen oxide from 75 to 90 percent, (MECA. 2007). EGR technology reduce lowest engine emission which can reduce 50 percent of nitrogen oxide emissions, (MECA. 2007). Moreover, LNTs is more efficient technology which able to minimize up to 80 percent retardation LNCs is only able to reduce 10 to 40 percent of nitrogen oxide from emission which using hydrocarbon in exhaust, (MECA. 2007).Plan design and developmentAfter recovery strategies, Volkswagen should plan to publish the recovery plans. For example, Volkswagen inte racting with external groups includes customers, and media. It can use social media and advertise the new plan through Facebook, YouTube and watt sap. Makes everyone knows about the new plans of Volkswagen.Therefore, people may forgot the antecedent scandal issue and this will improve the Volkswagens image as well.Testing, maintenance, awareness and trainingHowever, measure the success by testing. Volkswagen can test the plans which execute by the company. This will also improve the plans.There are several(prenominal) kind of tests includes checklist test, walk through and recovery simulation test. Let say, if the company found any problem while testing they can do maintenance. Meaning can modify the technical problems and for more efficient can do internal and external audit. This will identify the mistaken of the process.Meanwhile, it is also important to Volkswagen to having business continuity plan training and awareness. This will increase the value of the company and reduce c osts by managing risk. For example, Volkswagen should provide training and awareness campaign to all level of employees who working in the company.Hence, this will improve the business continuity knowledge and skills among the staffs.Recommendation In order to overcome the reputation risk, first Volkswagen should focus on contract design of agent that make penalty or rewards. For example, European Commission or Environmental Protection Agency are non-profitable agencies, (Zhou, A. 2016).Therefore, Volkswagen should have up to date information detailed outlines. Next, screening and survival of the fittest mechanisms to minimize the irregular information, (Jesus, N.D. 2015). For evidence, if the Volkswagen hired trust employees then this emissions scandal may not happened. Furthermore, Volkswagen should manipulated by agents, (Jesus, N.D. 2015).The agent can carry out random audits to monitor the company.In other hand, Volkswagen should comply environmental regulations, (Jesus, N.D. 2015). This will increase companys reputation. Meanwhile, Volkswagens managers and employees are responsible for law and order to get corporate governance outcome. If the corporate governance standard is high, then company such as Volkswagen do not able to fraud in future.self-propelling IndustryThe auto industry has been the core of the American nation, its living an American dream. I will focus of the car manufacturing industry in this article. We have incessantly been very proud of the cars we made.Our cars were an extension of America they were big, pulchritudinous and made a statement. The reason I chose to write about the auto industry is that I have always felt that the auto industry is exchangeable the heartbeat of the American industry, what better way to parley about the impact of macro economic changes on this industry.I will talk about some of the bedrock of the industry and how it has changed in the stick out few decades and how we are placed now. I will compare t he American companies against the other companies and analyze how the changes in the macro economic environment are affecting companies from America and the companies from other parts of the world.History of the industryCarol Loomis in The tragedy of General Motors mentions that the auto industry in America is just over a hundred years old crossing completed its 100 years a few quarters back and the rest are getting there. We have always been known for our big 3. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler. Chrysler is now of course Daimler Chrysler and the other 2 can always use tie ups with other companies to take themselves forward.The major change in the last few years has been the rise of oil prices. We always loved our Hummers and the big SUVs, they seemed to be the right choice for every user but off the last few years that choice has suddenly become a very expensive passion, it has become like playing golf game, you spend a decent amount of money every time you play golf and you end u p spending a decent amount of money every time you brave out your SUV.That is the why nowadays, the success is in smaller or mid sized cars and smaller SUVs. the average fuel prices are across America are expected to be at $2.71 per gallon and its getting very expensive compared to the good days when we could get gas for less than a dollar a gallon.This change in gas prices has affected the kind of choices consumers are making. The consumers were choosing the small and easy to drive Japanese cars for a long while but the lucrative SUV market was still a place where GM and Ford used to make lots of money, but now that markets has gradually and now rapidly dwindled. Let us see how the major manufacturers are doing in the industry.

The legalization of drugs

Legalization of drugsThe argument over the legitimation of doses continues to upset society as cultivate progresses. All of us chip in in some manner or an early(a), straight or indirectly, been bear upon by medicines, whether it be from a ho customhold member or the economical load on society. Morton. M. Kondracke, writer of the essay Do nt Legalize Drugs, begins by saying the following clip you hear that a remarkable driver had slammed into a school coach full of kids or that a hopped-up railway utilise scientist killed 16 people in a train wreck, think about this if advocators of legalisation discombobulate their manner, at that place leave be more of this ( Kondracke, 358 ) . Supporters of legalisation, on the other manus, much look towards the fiscal benefits and insist that medicates, interrogatively cannabis, be legalized and taxed hence, the authorities makes gross, and helps towards the economic governing body financiall(a)y. Gore Vidal, protagonist of legalisation and writer of the essay Drugs, states that all drugs should be made available and sold at a cost ( Vidal, 355 ) . All of this whitethorn be true and helpful in a sense for a short piece, yet looking towards the presbyopic tally many other facets besides need to be put into consideration. Aspects include additions in dependance rates, offense rates, every topographic point expert as drug maltreatment. the States is a consumer civilization which frequently abuses its freedoms. Knowing this important fact a decision can be reached that it excessively would mistreat drugs exploit up in lay wasteland toing out come ons. There is no a manner to halt drug system realistically for there ar those few that choose to disobey the jurisprudence, nevertheless it can be enforced, and legalising it is non the beaver option. If prohi turninged and enforced most people would fear the effects and would believe twice earlier utilizing an embezzled substance. While the legal isation of drugs may sound reasonable and have some positive consequences, they argon besides impermanent and overall it is unlogical and exactly leads to more corruptness, go forthing a negative impact on the American civilization.Today we live in a civilization where cod to drugs, offenses and dependance rates have escalated. Drugs are link to offenses in assorted ways. It can be considered a offense to utilize, possess, industry, or enforce drugs classified as holding a possible for maltreatment ( such as cocaine, diacetylmorphine, marihuana, and pep pills ) . Drugs are besides related to offense by dint of the effects they have on a user s behaviour and by occupy forthing force and other illegal activity in connexion with drug trafficking ( Spiess, n.pag. ) . Persons who produce, sell, traffic, or utilize illegal drugs have already established themselves as people who will snap off the jurisprudence, and are likely perpetrating other felonies, such as robbery, colza, a nd slaying. If such persons are in prison be fix of these felonies, they are non able to travel out and perpetrate other offenses nevertheless, if they are set free collectible to the legalisation of drugs who knows the result that would ensue. At a lower limit, they are at least off the streets, unable to bring more mayhem. Statisticss have shown that offense rates in states that have legalized drugs, such as Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Switzerland have skyrocketed. Switzerland, ended their experiment with decriminalisation after sing an unacceptable addition in use, force, offense, wellness cost, and effects. Leting a metropolis park to be used as a drug legalized country of Zurich, the figure of nutty escalated from a few hundred to over 20,000 within several old durations ( Cohen, n.pag. ) . Take a keen and believe about this that was merely a park, conceive of the effects on a whole state. America is already known for its offense and drug rates. Imagine the eff ects of legalising drugs and what that would ensue in.Aboard offense rates, dependence rates for teens and grownups have shot up every bit good. Drugs can be closely related and opposed to place nails and intoxicant for they have all resulted likewise in negative effects that have impacted the universe greatly. As Kondracke discusses in his statement towards drugs, 10 to fifteen per centum of all drinkers turn into alkies ( 10-17 million ) , bing the economic system an estimated $ 117 billion dollars. Similarly, harmonizing to Dr. David I. McDonald, Ronald Reagan s drug maltreatment policy adviser, surveies indicate that marihuana is every bit addictive as intoxicant. They conclude that 6 million people will go potheads and 8.5 million will go coke nuts ( Kondracke, 360 ) . These are merely estimations, but the consequences could be much greater. When British doctors were allowed to govern diacetylmorphine to received nuts, the figure skyrocketed from 68 British nuts in the pla n to an estimated 20,000 diacetylmorphine users in London entirely ( Walters, A10 ) . We have already seen the affects and maltreatments of intoxicant and coffin nails from a day-to-day point of put on than why would we promote or even think about adding and legalising any other substances. In a manner the point of drugs is to acquire a high or some kind of toxic condition. Unlike intoxicant, which may take a piece to kick in or acquire a bombilation, marihuana and other substances are about instant. Of the 115 million Americans who consume intoxicant, 85 per centum seldom become intoxicated with drugs, poisoning is the whole ideal ( Kondracke, 359 ) . Based entirely from basic cognition one can without uncertainty get it on why legalisation of drugs would be an irrational action.Drug maltreatment plays a major function as a portion of this argument every bit good. Peoples take drugs, in comparing to alcohol, to certain extents prove in serious conditions to even deceases. Aside from illegal drugs, people are besides mistreating prescribed drugs every bit good, such as cold and cough medicines to trouble stand-ins. Drug maltreatment entirely costs an estimated $ 55 billion in 1998 ( excepting condemnable justness costs ) , and deceases straight related to drug practice have more than doubled since 1980 ( Walters, A10 ) . Though medicative drugs are made for a good cause they still are abused and have side effects that can ensue in a assortment of issues. health check marihuana, for illustration, has documented possible side effects including insomnia, depression, facial tics and scrawny growing ( Katherine, 39A ) . In 2006, 2.1 million teens abused prescription drugs ( Alcohol and Drug Use, n.pag. ) . If teens are mistreating legal prescribed drugs at this age conceive of what they would make if illegal drugs were legalized. To give present twenty-four hours examples we can take celebrated figures such as Michael Jackson, heath Ledger, and Anna Nicole Smith who are merely a few illustrations of persons who have been involved with drug maltreatment ensuing in their deceases. Michael Jackson s flooring inadvertent decease in June was merely the latest in a twine of high-profile human deaths from the maltreatment of multiple prescription medicines. Actor Heath Ledger and the theoretical account and sex symbol Anna Nicole Smith died late in comparable fortunes ( Clemmit, n.pag. ) . The higher up mentioned illustrations are merely a few of many to come if drugs are legalized.Supporters of legalisation have certain fortunes in which they argue can ensue in a positive impact if drugs were legalized and experience that drug issues originate due to the fact of them organism illegal. These fortunes include legalising marihuana to do it a societal drug, and in bend would assist in profiting the authorities financially. Besides, legalisation would take to a lessening in offenses. So far this twelvemonth, about 4000 people have die d in Mexico s drug war a worthless toll. Most of the jobs stem non from drugs themselves, but from the fact that they are illegal. The obvious reply, so, is to do them legal ( Wilson, 32 ) . Supporters delay that if drugs are made legal like intoxicant and coffin nails society will accommodate and turn boring of it, seting it aside. It will be common and there wo nt be much ballyhoo about it. Harmonizing to Vidal, as stated before, all drugs should be made legal and sold at a cost ( Vidal, 355 ) . A huge sum of money is chew outd through authorities revenue enhancement from intoxicant and coffin nails. Supporters feel that the legalisation of drugs, chiefly marihuana, would make another point that could be taxed and can be good financially to the authorities. Tax foreman Betty T. Yee, president of the State Board of Equalization, backs the program and says it could bring forth annual revenue enhancement grosss of $ 1.4 billion. I think the tide is get downing to turn in footi ngs of marihuana being portion of the mainstream ( Katel, 19 ) . They believe this can be a scheme to assist raise economic growing financially. As for the offenses, protagonists agree that since the drugs would be allowed, there would non be any issues of robbery or battles since the drug trusts would be ran out of concern. They argue that prohibition of drugs is what causes those offenses. Prohibition as a policy has failed. scantily expression at the US, where 100s of 1000s of people have been jailed and, despite one million millions of lbs of support for Draconian policies, higher pureness drugs continue to deluge the market ( Chand, n.pag. ) . These averments are valid to a certain extent, but overall fail and lead to more issues.In resistance to the averments made above, it can be argued that no(prenominal) of those fortunes would ensue in a positive impact. Marijuana would non go a societal drug, for the fact being that it would be adapted by many people. In add-on, thou gh revenue enhancements could be charged, there would be other costs aside of it, and offenses would still go on to gyrate up. Marijuana would non go a societal drug because though many may acquire tired of it, the newer and newer coevalss would accommodate it and go on it as a track downency. Besides before it could melt off, there would be another drug. In add-on, to compare it with coffin nails and intoxicant, both of those are still alive and good abused today, so what s the probability that marihuana would differ.The Indiana University Prevention Resource Center youth drug role study shows pupils use intoxicant and other drugs more often and at younger ages. For the 3rd consecutive twelvemonth, marihuana utilisation ontogenesisd among all pupils in classs 6-12 and in all steps of prevalence -lifetime, one-year, monthly and day-to-day usage ( Drug, intoxicant usage increases among Indiana pupils, 8 ) . Now imagine, that is merely one school out of 1000s crossways the US. H arder and harder drugs are being abused more earnestly as the ages addition and the consequences are lay waste toing. Prior research based on representative samples drawn from the general population suggests that people tend to follow a common developmental tract from usage of intoxicant as young persons through possible usage of marihuana as teens potentially taking to utilize of more serious substances as grownups ( Golub, 607 ) . As for the costs, they excessively would decidedly lift due to a necessity of new intervention installations and clinics. If legalising drugs lighten $ 30 billion now being spent on jurisprudence enforcement and offense, a doubling of usage and maltreatment agencies that other costs would lift to $ 140 billion or $ 210 billion ( Kondracke, 360 ) . The money would come out of our pockets for the authorities would non be able to fund and supply for all of the installations and who knows how worse the economic system could acquire.Furthermore, while the l egalisation of drugs may diminish offense rates in some countries, it will increase offense rates in others. Traffic misdemeanors and accidents are likely to increase. Besides, many people are incarcerated due to a offense that they have committed while intoxicated, so how will the legalisation of these substances assistance in anyone s good behaviour? Legalization could ensue in an addition in offenses because the trusts would be lightheaded and looking for retaliation. Aside from the trusts, many people while drunk may drive, or commit felonies that may ensue in hurts, or deceases which excessively are considered offenses. A recent illustration in July bear on a adult female intoxicated and under the influence killed eight including her girl and three nieces due to the fact that she had smoked marijuana right before driving. The toxicology trials revealed that Schuler had twice the legal bound of intoxicant in her blood watercourse and had smoked marihuanas shortly before the ac cident ( Tresniowski, 80 ) . These are merely a few of many illustrations of what legalisation of drugs could ensue in and go forthing a negative impact on America.While the legalisation of drugs may sound reasonable, it is full of mistakes which may greatly impact the society and those rough it. Drug issues continue to promote and spread out, and legalising drugs will no farther consequence in a benefit. Legalizing drugs can take to an addition in dependence rates, offense rates, and maltreatment. These issues will go on and should be farther enforced. The argument on whether or non drugs should be legalized is everlasting, but this can be changed. Statistics every bit good as mundane illustrations have proven the affects drugs have on a society, than why farther promote them. Enforcing drugs and forbiding them will assist maintain a balance between those who have already been touch on and those unaffected.Plants Cited Alcohol & A Drug Use. 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Web. 13 Oct. 2009..Katherine, Ellison Medical Marijuana No Longer Just for Adults. New York Tim es 22 Nov. 2009 39A. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 23 Nov. 2009.Kondracke, Morton M. Do nt Legalize Drugs . Readings for Writers ( 13th Edition ) . Ed. Jo Ray McCuen-Metherell and Anthony C.Winkler. Boston Cengage Learning, 2010. 358-362Spiess, Michele and Deborah Fallow. Drug-Related Crime. Mar. 2000. White House Drug Policy. 11 Oct. 2009.Tresniowski, Alex, et Al. FAMILIES DESTROYED. Peoples 72.8 ( 2009 ) 80-84. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 13 Oct. 2009.Vidal, Gore. Drugs . Readings for Writers ( 13th Edition ) . Ed. Jo Ray McCuen-Metherell and Anthony C.Winkler. Boston Cengage Learning, 2010. 355-356.Bruno walters, John P. Do nt Legalize Drugs. Wall Street Journal. 19Jul.2002, Eastern edition ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. n.pag. Web. 13 Oct. 2009Wilson, Clare Legalise drugs. ( Cover narrative ) . New Scientist 203.2725 ( 2009 ) 32-33. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. 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